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Biomedical subjects

W J Butler

Publications and source records attributed to W J Butler.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prevalence of radiologically defined osteoarthritis in the finger and wrist joints of adult residents of Tecumseh, Michigan, 1962-65.

Radiographs of the fingers and wrists of adult participants in the Tecumseh Community Health Study in 1962-65 were examined for signs of osteoarthritis (OA). The severity of OA for each of 32 joints of the fingers and wrists was recorded for each individual. Attention was restricted to the 3035 participants who were 32 years of age or older and for whom a diagnosis of OA was available for each of 32 joints. Joint-specific prevalence rates of OA increased sharply with age for both sexes, and at the older ages, the prevalence rates for most joints were higher for females. Older individuals with OA also had a greater number of affected joints, with females having a greater number of affected joints than males. Of those individuals aged 44 years or younger, only 6.2% had one or more joints affected with OA. The percentages were 21.6 and 42.0% for those aged 45-59 years and 60 or more years, respectively. The distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints were the most frequently affected joints in all age categories for both sexes and OA in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints was positively associated with OA in the DIP joints. However, controlling for the number of affected DIP joints, the PIP joints of older subjects were more likely to exhibit OA than the PIP joints of younger subjects. Though there is an association between OA in the DIP and PIP joints, there was only a small, nonsignificant association (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.83, 1.84) between disease in the DIP and PIP joints of the same finger.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Activity of arylsulfatase A, B-glucosidase and hexosaminidases in chorionic villi at six, eight and ten weeks' gestational age.

Chorionic villus sampling is becoming an accepted method of prenatally diagnosing metabolic diseases. There are few published data on sampling at various gestational ages. Different investigators, using different methods of chorionic biopsy, perform the sampling at various gestational ages. Accurate interpretation of results is dependent on reliable normal values, which could differ on the basis of gestational age. The enzymatic activities of arylsulfatase A, B-glucosidase and hexosaminidases were compared in trophoblast from six-, eight- and ten-week gestations. No significant differences in activity levels were detected. This finding confirms the accuracy of metabolic diagnosis for these enzyme-deficiency syndromes in trophoblastic tissue at gestational ages of six to ten weeks without a requirement for gestational-age-specific normal values.

Cerebroside-Sulfatase↗
PubMed1987

Transurethral ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization.

Thirty-nine follicular aspirations for in vitro fertilization were performed in 30 patients. Oocyte retrieval was performed by laparoscopy in 21 cases and ultrasound-guided transurethral aspiration in 18 cases. All procedures were performed by the same ovarian stimulation protocol and the same aspirating needle. In the laparoscopy group 150 oocytes were recovered from 177 follicles aspirated (85%). The fertilization rate was 69% (104/150) and cleavage rate, excluding triploidy, was 82% (85/104) for oocytes obtained by laparoscopy. Five clinical pregnancies occurred in the laparoscopy group for a pregnancy rate of 24% per cycle and 25% per transfer. In the transurethral ultrasound-guided group 77 oocytes were recovered from 103 follicles aspirated (75%). The fertilization rate was 79% (61/77) and cleavage rate, excluding triploidy, was 90% (55/61). Three pregnancies occurred for a pregnancy rate of 17% per cycle and 18% per transfer. None of these differences were statistically significant. Transurethral ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval is a feasible alternative to laparoscopy for in vitro fertilization.

Female↗
PubMed1987

The value of oocyte reinsemination in human in vitro fertilization.

The value of oocyte reinsemination in human in vitro fertilization (IVF) was evaluated in this study. Two groups of 25 cycles each were studied. In group 1 cycles, insemination of mature/questionably mature oocytes (judged by cumulus and corona cell appearance) at 6.5 hours postcollection yielded a fertilization rate of 42.3%. This value was significantly lower than that obtained with reinsemination (70.8%). In group 2, questionably mature oocytes were treated as immature and inseminated 24 to 30 hours postcollection. The fertilization rate of mature eggs in group 2 was 68.2%, with a reinsemination success rate of 40%. Triploidy rates and cleavage rates of mature eggs, fertilized either at initial insemination or reinsemination and of fertilized immature eggs, were similar within group 1 and group 2 cycles. In group 1, two pregnancies resulted from transfer of embryos arising solely from successful reinsemination, with one infant delivered. These results indicate that reinsemination offers a useful adjunct for IVF in cases where fertilization failure occurs.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1987

Use of the logistic regression model for the analysis of proportionate mortality data.

A new statistical analysis strategy for proportionate mortality data is proposed. It is assumed that the occupational exposure, if it has an effect on mortality, increases the rate of death for some subset of causes by a multiplicative factor while not affecting the rates for the remaining causes of death. The unconditional logistic regression model is shown to provide a structure for the data analysis, with one of the predictors being the logit of the probability in the reference population that death was due to the affected causes. Using this model, one can estimate the effect of exposure while simultaneously controlling for a number of potential confounding and selection variables. Also, this model avoids the problems of comparing standardized proportionate mortality ratios, which are indirectly standardized measures. The model is demonstrated on a set of proportionate mortality data for factory workers from the northeastern United States.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed1987

In vitro fertilization and birth after ultrasonically guided transurethral aspiration of oocytes.

We have described an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer accomplished by ultrasonically guided transurethral transvesical oocyte aspiration. Follicular aspiration using ultrasonography is a suitable alternative to traditional laparoscopic methods, and may have several advantages, including avoidance of surgical and general anesthesia complications. Further experience with this technique will clarify the benefits and/or risks, and this work is continuing.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1986

Passive smoking in childhood. Respiratory conditions and pulmonary function in Tecumseh, Michigan.

The relationship of passive smoking to respiratory conditions and pulmonary function was assessed using a cross-sectional design in the defined population of Tecumseh, Michigan. The study population was made up of 3,482 children who were 0 to 19 yr of age at the 1962-1965 examination and for whom questionnaire information was available for both parents. Nearly 62% of children in this age group were exposed at the time of examination to at least 1 parent who smoked. Passive exposure to cigarette smoke was associated with an elevated prevalence of phlegm, wheeze, asthma, and chest colds among males and wheeze, bronchitis, and chest colds among females. Using logistic regression, offspring were shown to be 1.5 to 2.0 times more likely to have a respiratory condition if both their parents currently smoked than if both parents never smoked. FEV1, and FVC among males and Vmax50 among females were significantly lower by 5% in nonsmokers 10 to 19 yr of age whose parents were current smokers compared with similar offspring of never smoking parents. Respiratory conditions were generally more frequent and the level of lung function was generally lower for males from households where only mothers smoked compared with males from households where only fathers smoked, although sample size was limited. In females similar relationships were less consistent. Differences tended to be larger and more often significant for males than for females when respiratory symptoms and illnesses were examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mortality from coronary heart disease in the Tecumseh study. Long-term effect of diabetes mellitus, glucose tolerance and other risk factors.

The coronary heart disease mortality of participants in the Tecumseh study was examined with particular emphasis on the roles of diabetes and glucose tolerance as risk factors. The cohort consisted of 921 men and 937 women aged 40 years and older who did not have evident coronary heart disease at entry to the study during the period 1959-1965 and whose outcome was determined in the period 1977-1979. Previously diagnosed diabetes was a statistically significant risk factor for coronary heart disease mortality in both sexes even after controlling for systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, relative weight, and cigarette smoking. High blood glucose score in nondiabetics was associated with excess coronary heart disease mortality after controlling for other risk factors, but the magnitude of this effect was substantially below that of diabetes. The predictive power of most risk factors except age itself decreased among progressively older segments of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Prevalence of dental mottling in school-aged lifetime residents of 16 Texas communities.

The severity of dental mottling in 2,592 school-aged, lifetime residents of 16 Texas communities was investigated in 1980-81 to identify factors associated with mottling and to construct a prediction model for the prevalence of mottling. The communities were selected to obtain a wide range of levels of fluoride in the drinking water. The children within each of the communities were contacted through their schools and received a dental examination to assess the severity of mottling. Information on demographic, dental health practice, and other candidate predictor variables was obtained from a questionnaire completed by a parent. A number of water quality measurements were also recorded for each community. White and Spanish-surname children had about the same prevalence of mottling while Blacks had a higher prevalence, odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.4, 3.7. Children from homes which had air conditioning had a lower prevalence of mottling (OR = .6, (0.4, 0.8)). The use of fluoride toothpaste or drops and the number of fluoride treatments were almost identical among those who did and did not develop moderate mottling. In addition to fluoride, total dissolved solids and zinc were water quality variables associated with mottling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Diabetes mellitus in Tecumseh, Michigan. Prevalence, incidence, and associated conditions.

A high proportion of the population of Tecumseh, Michigan, participated in comprehensive assessments of health, personal habits, and socioeconomic status during the periods 1959-1960 and 1962-1965. A total of 5735 persons older than 20 years of age, comprising 2749 men and 2986 women, form the subject of this report. Diabetics were identified at entry and contrasted to nondiabetics with respect to personal characteristics. During the period 1977-1979, health status of 69% of the eligible cohort was ascertained. Age, adiposity, and blood glucose level were the principal predictor of new cases of diabetes. Family history was a significant predictor only among middle-aged, overweight men. Diabetes tended to be related to central fat distribution as indicated by subscapular skinfold thickness. Predictors of new cases of diabetes were not necessarily related to prevalence of the disease in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

HLA-A2 and type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians: an association of allele frequency with age.

In Pima Indians with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus, HLA-A2 allele frequencies were inversely associated with age, (0.72, 0.59, and 0.52 in those less than 35, 35 to 54, and 55 years old and over, respectively). This suggests that there may be a gene closely linked with the HLA-A locus which plays a role in the expression of diabetes in the Pimas by contributing to an earlier age of onset. HLA-A2 was found in 65% non-diabetic and 81% of 191 diabetic subjects (relative risk = 2.2).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pseudomyotonia of the periurethral sphincter in women with urinary incontinence.

Needle electromyography demonstrated bizarre repetitive high frequency discharges of the periurethral muscles in 3 women with urinary incontinence. One patient recovered spontaneously and 2 had associated stress incontinence that was greatly accentuated. Surgical correction of the stress incontinence had been done in 1 woman before the sphincter neuropathy was recognized and she continued to experience severe incontinence unrelated to activity for 30 months while the neuropathy subsided and stabilized. The second patient with stress incontinence and sphincter pseudomyotonia was diagnosed preoperatively. The operation was delayed for a year until the peripheral neuropathy appeared to be stabilized. This case had a more predictable and satisfactory postoperative result. The experience with these patients suggests that other specific neurogenic disorders of the striated sphincters may cause significant urologic symptoms.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glutathione concentrations and glutathione S-transferase activity in human colonic neoplasms.

Tissue concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione S-transferases (GST) are relevant to the inactivation of a variety of xenobiotics including carcinogens and anti-neoplastic drugs. In this study, GSH concentrations and GST activity were determined in 25 adenomatous polyps removed at colonoscopy, and in cancer and uninvolved 'normal' mucosa from 58 operative specimens containing colon cancer. We also examined the relationship between GSH concentrations, GST activity and rates of cell proliferation as assessed by flow cytometry. Concentrations of GSH were significantly higher in adenomas (P = 0.001) and cancer (P = 0.001) than in uninvolved mucosa while GST activity was significantly higher in cancer (P = 0.007). There was a positive relationship between GSH concentrations and GST activity in adenomas (P = 0.001) but not in uninvolved mucosa (P = 0.06) or cancer (P = 0.4). Concentrations of GSH and GST activity were independent of results from flow cytometry. The higher concentrations of GSH in colonic neoplasms and the raised activity of GST in cancer may contribute to their resistance to anti-neoplastic drugs.

Adenoma↗