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Biomedical subjects

W J Di Scipio

Publications and source records attributed to W J Di Scipio.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Sex, drugs and AIDS: issues for hospitalized emotionally disturbed youth.

Children and youth with serious and persistent emotional disturbances are becoming increasingly more at risk for HIV transmission, particularly when considering the high incidence of child sexual abuse by infected adults among the impoverished, urban population. Brief psychiatric hospitalization affords an opportunity to empower the child victims and reduce risk behaviors in general. An inpatient program for youth is described with an emphasis on "taking care of yourself." High impact teaching methods such as role playing, competency training and raising self efficacy are discussed as critical elements of brief therapeutic interventions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Symptom correlates among adolescents showing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder versus Conduct Disorder.

21 adolescents with a primary diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 24 Conduct Disordered, and 23 control adolescents were compared on measures of depression, anxiety, behavior problems, and fears. Analyses showed that posttraumatic adolescents showed associated symptoms of depression and state-anxiety, Conduct Disordered adolescents showed depressive trends, and both groups were evaluated by their teachers as showing significant behavior problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Impromptu micturitional flow parameters in normal boys.

Nonintrusive measurement of the hydrodynamic properties of the urinary stream (uroflowmetry) has been included in many adult urological evaluations as an objective diagnostic tool. Measurement and behavioral problems interfere with practical applications in children. We describe a standard procedure for obtaining "impromptu" micturitional flow parameters in clinical pediatric practice. Statistical correlations of these flow parameters in an unselected group of 142 normal boys between 2 and 12 years old are presented. Useful linear regression equations were derived from the sample to assist the clinician in predicting deviations from normal values. Limitations of the methodology are noted.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Conditioned dysphagia in cleft palate children after pharyngeal flap surgery.

A nonorganic pattern of maladaptive eating behavior was identified and diagnosed as conditioned dysphagia in a group of 28 children who had successfully completed pharyngeal flap surgery for correction of hypernasality. The physically intrusive diagnostic and surgical procedures are thought to contribute to the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response to deglutition that is resistant to extinction but reversible after deconditioning therapy. Comparison with 22 matched normal siblings and 25 normal control children identified conditioned dysphagia as occurring in about 40% of the cleft palate children within 1 year after surgery. Characteristic eating problems included slowness, requiring assistance, eating only small pieces of solid foods, and not finishing meals. Early detection, treatment, and preventive measures are suggested at or about the time of surgery to avoid consequent nutritional deficits and, in some severe cases, a threat to survival if untreated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Hypnotizability and response to EMG relaxation training.

This study examines the relationship between Spiegel's Hypnotic Induction profile (HIP) and ability to perform EMG relaxation under conditions of self-induced and audio-assisted biofeedback training. One hundred women volunteered for screening with Spiegel's test for hypnotizability. Thirty students were then selected from the top, middle, and bottom of the HIP scoring distribution for EMG biofeedback training in relaxation. Three treatment trials included baseline, EMG biofeedback with self-induced relaxation, and EMG biofeedback with audio relaxation instructions. Contrary to predictions, high HIPs were not significantly different from low HIPs on any of the treatment measures, although all students showed a training effect. The middle HIPs demonstrated significantly higher levels of EMG activity than the extreme groups.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1979

Acupuncture treatment of schizophrenia: report on three cases.

The authors conducted a 9-week blind controlled study of the effects of acupuncture on schizophrenic illness in three patients on an inpatient ward of a psychiatric hospital. This paitents were used as their own controls. The authors compared the effects of acupuncture, pseudo-acupuncture (random needling), and no treatment control periods. Two patients who had had florid schizophrenic symptoms responded positively to true acupuncture treatment and negatively to pseudo-acupuncture. The third patient, whose symptoms were primarily affective-depressive, showed no significant response to treatment. The authors explore the mechanisms thought to be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia, focusing on the cortical arousal hypothesis.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traumatically acquired conditioned dysphagia in children.

A new diagnosis identifying a nonorganic basis of dysphagia is proposed in relation to behavioral conditioning processes and thereby labeled "conditioned dysphagia" (CD). Literature review of both animal and human studies documents that rapidly acquired and persistent avoidance responses are learned when autonomic functions are contiguous with traumatic physical events. Three case studies with primary diagnoses of TE fistula, congenital heart disease and pseudobulbar palsy demonstrated an association between CD and early childhood incidence of trauma involving the esophagus. Successful treatment was achieved by operant deconditioning therapy. Results of a pilot epidemiological study of 28 postpharyngeal flap surgery children and 47 controls showed significantly higher incidence of mild to moderate CD in the surgery group.

Avoidance Learning↗