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Biomedical subjects

W J Dinning

Publications and source records attributed to W J Dinning.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

The spectrum of ocular toxocariasis.

Ocular toxocariasis is rare and therefore the spectrum of clinical disease is difficult to establish. We present a review of the clinical features and laboratory findings in a group of patients with positive Toxocara serology and ocular toxocariasis. The clinical spectrum was diverse and milder disease was commoner than might be supposed from reviews of the literature. Eosinophilia was unusual, but featured in two cases of unilateral pars planitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Sarcoidosis--a serious enigma.

Sarcoid uveitis is usually chronic and requires treatment with steroids. Severe visual impairment is uncommon unless the disease has been continuously active for years. The mildest form of the disease occurs in Caucasians.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Precipitation of experimental autoallergic uveoretinitis by cyclosporin A withdrawal: an experimental model of uveitis relapse.

This study set out to determine whether withdrawal of cyclosporin A (CyA) in Lewis rats sensitized to retinal S antigen would precipitate experimental autoallergic uveoretinitis (EAU), and whether challenge of such animals with S antigen or an unrelated stimulus would accelerate EAU onset after drug withdrawal. Rats were sensitized with 50 micrograms S antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and EAU onset was suppressed by 18 days of treatment with CyA at doses ranging from 3 to 10 mg/kg daily. Without challenge, seven out of 11 animals developed EAU with a median onset of 78 days. This was reduced to 68 days in rats challenged on day 32 with FCA alone, to 48 days with 10 micrograms S antigen in FCA, and to 41 days with 50 micrograms S antigen in FCA. The incidence, onset and severity of anterior uveitis and extent of photoreceptor destruction were related to both CyA dose and nature of challenge. The extent of photoreceptor destruction ran parallel with severity of anterior uveitis; and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity on day 43 was related to both severity of anterior uveitis (P less than 0.001) and photoreceptor damage (P less than 0.002). At the highest dose, CyA also delayed the appearance of antibody to S antigen; however, subsequent antibody levels were unrelated to EAU severity or to nature of challenge. The results indicate that CyA-induced suppression of the immunological response to S antigen can recover spontaneously after drug withdrawal, that challenge with either S antigen or FCA alone can accelerate the subsequent onset of EAU, and that these phenomena may provide a basis for investigating mechanisms underlying relapse of human uveoretinitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Toxocariasis: a practical approach to management of ocular disease.

The diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis is difficult to make with certainty. New methods of antigen detection are helpful. Surgical intervention may play a role in improving the prognosis, but the place of specific chemotherapy remains undefined. We discuss three case histories to illustrate these points. We suggest that the visual prognosis need not be so poor as commonly believed, and outline a suggested plan of management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Virus-induced diseases of the eye: the role of herpesviruses in retinitis.

The herpesviruses are now recognized as major causes of acute retinitis, principally in the immunocompromised host, but also in otherwise healthy people. Clinical and laboratory features can help determine which herpesvirus is likely to be involved, and disease due to certain types can be treated successfully. Herpes ocular infection is a field of active laboratory research.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1987

Day case strabismus surgery without post-operative ocular medication. A masked randomised study.

A masked, randomised study was designed to test the hypothesis that day case strabismus surgery and the absence of post-operative topical medication is a plan of management that does not compare unfavourably with discharge from hospital on the day after surgery with topical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy for 14 days. The results indicate that patients who have day case surgery do not have more complications than overnight stay patients and that their inflammation and discomfort settle just as quickly without topical therapy. Medical, social and financial benefits of day case surgery are noted.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of the effectiveness of cyclosporine A, D, and G in the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats.

Cyclosporine A (CsA), one compound in the family of cyclosporines, has effectively modulated the course of S-antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Cyclosporines G (CsG) and D (CsD), related to CsA in structure, were evaluated in their ability to prevent or modulate EAU in Lewis rats. 10 mg/kg/day IM of CsA effectively prevented the expression of EAU when therapy began on the day of immunization, while the same dosage of CsG prevented EAU in 81% of animals, and CsD only in 33%. Higher concentrations of CsG (40 mg/kg/day) did effectively block manifestations of the disease. Topical administration of CsG did not prevent the expression of disease but local protection was seen when the 500 micrograms CsG was placed intracamerally into only one eye. The in vitro comparison of these cyclosporines' capacity to alter proliferation and IL-2 release of a rat T-cell line capable of inducing EAU showed marked differences. CsA appeared to be most effective at abrogating these cellular functions at all concentrations tested, while CsD was least effective. CsG, however, approached the effectiveness of CsA. CsG is felt to be markedly less nephrotoxic than CsA, the secondary effect that is most commonly encountered, and could potentially be useful in the treatment of human intra-ocular inflammatory disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Local cyclosporine therapy for experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats.

The use of locally applied cyclosporine was investigated in the retinal S-antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model in Lewis rats. A 2% cyclosporine solution applied topically four times a day for 14 days effectively prevented the expression of EAU. This treatment, however, produced circulating cyclosporine levels in the therapeutic range. Lower concentrations of cyclosporine applied topically did not produce therapeutic levels and were not capable of reliably preventing disease. Intraocular levels of cyclosporine, measured by radioimmunoassay, were extremely low and outside the accepted therapeutic range. Intravitreal cyclosporine therapy appeared to protect eyes from EAU, without producing significant circulating cyclosporine levels. These findings show that, in its present form, cyclosporine in oil is not an efficacious topical therapy. Therefore, a local cyclosporine preparation with enhanced penetration into the globe may be a practical approach to therapy in the future.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Long-term cytogenetic follow-up study of patients with uveitis treated with chlorambucil.

We have studied the long-term effects of chlorambucil treatment on the chromosomes of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with uveitis. Amounts of chromosome damage (breaks and rearrangements) were found to vary between individuals, but tended to increase with the cumulative dose. Some patients were found to have persistently high levels of chromosome damage many years after treatment had been completed.

Chlorambucil↗
PubMed1984

The pathergy test and Behçet's syndrome in Britain.

Skin hypersensitivity to needle puncture (pathergy test) together with a positive HLA B5 antigen has been reported as a diagnostic test for Behçet's syndrome (BS) in Turkish patients. We have studied the pathergy test by 2 methods in 7 healthy volunteers who have the HLA B5(Bw 51 split) antigen and 19 patients with BS. The test was negative in all the normal volunteers and only one of the 19 patients with BS had a positive test by one of the 2 methods. Cluster analysis of our patients and those reported from Turkey showed no difference in their clinical features. The positivity of the pathergy test, and hence its diagnostic usefulness, seem to differ between Britain and Turkey, and we conclude that this difference is not related to the possession of the HLA B5 (Bw 51 split) antigen.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

T-lymphocyte subpopulations in uveitis.

Following an inconclusive study of differential lymphocyte counts in uveitis in which the peripheral blood was examined only once in the course of each case a longitudinal study has been carried out in patients with acute anterior uveitis. Venous blood lymphocytes were examined at intervals throughout the course of the illness, from presentation until six months later. No changes in E-rosetting T cells or total lymphocyte values have been found, nor any variations from normal in the helper (OKT4)/suppressor (OKT8) T-cell ratio. Random studies performed in a sample of patients with heterochromic cyclitis have also failed to reveal consistent abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocyte parameters.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Uveitis.

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Child↗