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Biomedical subjects

W J HAYES

Publications and source records attributed to W J HAYES.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1964

THE TOXICOLOGY OF CHEMOSTERILANTS.

Sterilization of males can in certain circumstances be more efficient than killing as a method for control of insects and perhaps other pests. A number of chemicals (chemosterilants) show promise of producing sexual sterility in insects without some of the practical limitations of radiation. The most important compounds are alkylating agents. These have little immediate pharmacological action, but are notable for their selective action against haematopoietic and some other proliferating tissues. A number of alkylating agents have been shown to be mutagens in insects, bacteria, fungi, and higher plants; carcinogens in mammals; and teratogens in insects, birds, and mammals. Some produce sexual sterility, possibly in mammals as well as in insects, at doses too low to produce the other effects. Some have an established reputation as drugs for palliative treatment of leukaemia and other neoplasms.The development of insect sterilization as a vector control technique has been handicapped in part by lack of scientific information on the acute and long-term hazards that might be associated with the use of chemosterilants. In this paper the author brings together the available knowledge on the toxicology of the alkylating agents.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1963

INITIAL FIELD STUDIES IN UPPER VOLTA WITH DICHLORVOS RESIDUAL FUMIGANT AS A MALARIA ERADICATION TECHNIQUE. 3. TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION.

The residual fumigant technique involving the use of dichlorvos in the solid dispenser formulation employed in the study reported in this paper appears to offer no hazard to the occupants of houses treated at the rate of one dispenser per 500 cubic feet (14 m(3)) in so far as dichlorvos vapour toxicity is concerned. Even the maximum dosage rate tested (one dispenser per 60 cubic feet (1.7 m(3)) or 28 dispensers in a two-room house) did not produce observable effects on the occupants of the houses. This maximum rate far exceeds that necessary for malaria eradication operations, thereby affording an additional safety factor.

Africa↗
PubMed1961

Safety of DDVP for the disinsection of aircraft.

DDVP (O,O-dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate) is an organic phosphorus insecticide proposed for use in the disinsection of aircraft at vapour concentrations within the range of 0.15-0.25 mug per litre of air for 30 minutes. Safety tests have shown that men can withstand brief exposure to concentrations as high as 6.9 mug per litre and daily 8-hour exposure to concentrations as high as 0.5 mug per litre without clinical effect and with little or no depression of blood cholinesterase. It would appear, therefore, that DDVP could be safely used at the concentrations and exposure periods required for the disinsection of aircraft, though further studies will have to be carried out before this procedure can be definitely recommended.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1960

Safety of malathion dusting powder for louse control.

Because some strains of body lice are resistant to DDT and gamma-BHC, there is need for other effective, safe chemicals to control them. Malathion is known to be effective at a concentration of 1%. To test its safety, the bodies and clothing of 39 men were dusted 5 times a week for 8-16 weeks with talcum powder containing 0, 1%, 5%, and 10% malathion. Complaints about odour and skin irritation were roughly proportional to dosage. No change in blood cholinesterase activity was found, except perhaps with 10% powder. Urinary excretion of malathion-derived material was proportional to dosage. No other changes attributable to malathion were observed and the compound is considered safe for control of head and body lice.

Animals↗