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Biomedical subjects

W J Matthews

Publications and source records attributed to W J Matthews.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hypnotic inductions with deaf and hearing subjects--an initial comparison: a brief communication.

17 volunteer deaf Ss were compared with 18 volunteer hearing Ss on the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale (SHCS) of Morgan and J. R. Hilgard (1975), and the Indirect Suggestion Scale (ISS) of Matthews and Mosher (1985) in a 2 x 2 ANOVA design. 5 dependent measures: (a) objective scale score; (b) self-report scale score; (c) S rapport with the hypnotist; (d) S resistance to the hypnotist; and (e) overall subjective rating of trance experience were employed to measure any differences between the 2 groups. For SHCS behavioral items, the two-way ANOVA failed to reveal any significant main effect or interaction differences between either group (deaf/hearing) or method of induction (direct/indirect). There was a significant main effect for deaf/hearing groups in level of resistance to the hypnotist. Deaf Ss reported feeling more resistant to the hypnotist than did hearing Ss. This may be due to the mode of communication or the fact that the hypnotist was hearing. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

Deafness↗
PubMed1992

A one-year series of pediatric emergency department wheezing visits: the Hawaii EMS-C project.

During a 12-month period ending on November 30, 1988, data were collected on 2468 pediatric patients with wheezing who visited a pediatric ED. Cohort characteristics included: sex (64% male, 36% female), history of prematurity (12%), evidence of concurrent infection (82%), taking theophylline (35%), taking beta adrenergics (60%), taking cromolyn (6%), and taking corticosteroids (4%). The hospitalization rate was 10.5%. Seasonal variations, weather, air quality, and infections appeared to have significant effects on the daily variation of wheezing exacerbations. Initial oxygen saturation (OSAT) correlated with disease severity as measured by hospitalization risk and the number of bronchodilator treatments required in the ED. A suggestion for categorizing the treatment of asthma based on past history is proposed. Using this system in conjunction with pulse oximetry, wheezing severity and appropriate therapy can be more objectively determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The Hawaii EMS-C project data: I. Reducing pediatric emergency morbidity and mortality; II. Statewide pediatric emergency registry to monitor morbidity and morality.

During a 12-month period ending on 11/30/88, data were collected on 16,010 pediatric patients who visited a pediatric emergency department (ED). These ED patients prospectively fell into one of the target areas for further study, including wheezing (15%), trauma (excluding burns; 29%), burns (1%), water-related injuries (1%), ingestions and toxic substance exposures (2%), child abuse (3%), handicapping conditions (5%), preventable incidents (33%), and ambulance arrivals (7%). Handicapped patients were more likely to require an ambulance. Younger patients, males, and patients with handicaps, wheezing, and Medicaid insurance were more likely to visit the ED on multiple occasions. Primary care physicians could be identified in 77% of the cohort. Large-scale interventions to reduce preventable pediatric morbidity and mortality have suffered from difficulties in documenting their effect in a population-based sample. A statewide pediatric emergency encounter registry is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A one-year series of pediatric ED water-related injuries: the Hawaii EMS-C project.

During a 12-month period ending on November 30, 1988, data on 133 pediatric patients visiting a pediatric emergency department with water-related injuries were collected. Of these patients, 70% were male. There were 13 submersions, seven cases of head trauma, three cases of neck trauma, 88 cases of external injury, and 34 other injuries. Incidents took place at beaches (75%) in public pools (12%), in friends' pools (4%), and in home pools (4%). Eighty-six percent of the cohort knew how to swim. Swimming, playing, and surfing activity accounted for most of the injuries. Measures for prevention are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Working hypnotically with deaf people.

Little attention has been given to the utilization of hypnosis with deaf people. In a recent study, we compared objective and subjective responses to two different hypnotic induction techniques by deaf and hearing undergraduate women. We presented hypnosis techniques orally to hearing subjects and visually, using sign-language, to deaf subjects. Results from this study failed to reveal any significant differences on objective or self-report levels of trance depth between the two populations. Our purpose in this article is to examine the similarities and differences of the induction process and hypnotic responses, including trance indicators, between deaf and hearing subjects.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

A one-year prospective ED cohort of pediatric burns: a proposal for standardizing scald burns.

During a 12-month period ending on 11/30/88, data were collected on 143 pediatric patients visiting a pediatric emergency department with burns. Sixty-four percent were males. Common causes of the burns included hot water (17%), hot food (23%), hot appliances (18%), and charcoal and grills (9%). Sixty-six percent of the burns took place at home. The hospitalization rate was 8%. A suggestion for standardizing scalds based on fluidity and function is proposed, since there is ambiguity regarding definition of a scald.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Toxic exposures and ingestions in Honolulu: I. A prospective pediatric ED cohort; II. A prospective poison center cohort.

Poisonings and toxic exposures are a frequent cause of preventable morbidity in children requiring emergency care. Ingestions and toxic substance exposures were studied in two prospective cohorts in Hawaii to examine the epidemiology of these events in this community in order to assess the effectiveness of current poison prevention practices and to identify additional measures to further prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality. During a 12-month period ending on 11/30/88, data were collected on 286 pediatric patients visiting a pediatric ED with an ingestion or a toxic substance exposure. Most of the younger children were males with unintentional incidents. Most of the adolescents were females with intentional ingestions. Syrup of ipecac was given in 16% of the patients. When given at home, ipecac was given an average of 1.3 hours after an ingestion. Activated charcoal was given to 32% of the patients. During a 13-month period ending 1/31/90, 14,408 phone calls to the Hawaii Poison Center were analyzed. Twenty-six percent of the callers had ipecac at home. Sixty-eight percent of callers with acute ingestions claimed to have called within 30 minutes of the ingestion, and 77% claimed to have called within 60 minutes of the ingestion. Of those calling within 60 minutes, 36% had ipecac at home. Although ipecac is widely recommended as a pre-hospital intervention, it use is limited owing to unavailability in the home and the short period of time during which it must be given. Since the dispensing of pharmaceuticals in limited quantities and in childproof containers began, it appears that other measures to further reduce morbidity and mortality owing to poisonings have had less additional effect. It appears that serious morbidity and mortality from poisonings in this cohort were uncommon.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1991

A one-year prospective ED cohort of pediatric trauma.

During a 12-month period ending on November 30, 1988, data were collected on 4623 pediatric patients visiting a pediatric emergency department with trauma (excluding burns). Sixty-one percent were male. Common causes of the trauma included suspected child abuse (4%), organized sports (6%), nonorganized sports (4%), pedestrian motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) (3%), bicycle MVAs (2%), and automobile MVAs (3%). However, most of the incidents had none of the identified associated activities surrounding the trauma (60%). Incidents took place at home (41%), on the street (11%), at school (10%), and at a playground or park (10%). Injuries involved the external body (59%), extremity (26%), head or neck (13%), face (4%), chest (1%), and abdomen (2%) and were more common during the summer. Injury severity scores had a mean of 1.8 and were grouped as: less than 3 (80%), 3-6 (19%), and greater than 6 (1.6%). Factors associated with higher trauma severity included MVAs, water-related injuries, sports, streets, schools, parks, playgrounds, skateboards, skates, and alcohol.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

What do clients think about the metaphors they receive? An initial inquiry.

Research on Ericksonian techniques and claims of effectiveness has been very sparse. Most of the focus on Ericksonian approaches has been on the development of techniques by the clinicians, seemingly independent of the meaning to the client. One of these interventions is the multiple embedded metaphor (MEM), a series of stories within stories. The underlying assumption is that in order to be effective the metaphor(s) needs to be processed outside of conscious awareness. Six clients participated and were given eight session of psychotherapy, three sessions of which involved the use of MEM. A week after each MEM session, clients reviewed that session on videotape with the therapist. Only one of the six clients reported amnesia for the experience. Four of the five nonamnestic clients had changes in their presenting problems and felt the process to be helpful. The limitations and implications for clinicians are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Molecular mechanism for feedback regulation of C4 biosynthesis in guinea pig peritoneal macrophage.

Previous reports have shown that regulation of local extrahepatic production of complement may not reflect the regulation of plasma concentrations of the corresponding proteins and, further, that alteration of the tissue microenvironment can affect local macrophage protein synthesis. This report describes the molecular basis for control of the biosynthesis and secretion of a class III major histocompatibility complex gene product, the fourth component of complement (C4), from guinea pig macrophages by extracellular native C4 protein. The effect is specific for C4 synthesis, since production of C2 and total secreted protein was unaffected by fluid phase C4. C4 synthesis by extracellular C4 is regulated at a pretranslational level, without an effect on posttranslational proteolytic cleavage, glycosylation, or secretion. Specific C4 and factor B cDNA probes were used to demonstrate, by dot hybridization and Northern blot analysis, a decrease in messenger RNA coding for C4 that paralleled the inhibition of C4 biosynthesis, while the amount of total RNA and mRNA specific for factor B remained constant. Inhibition of C4 biosynthesis and the disappearance of mRNA encoding C4 occurred between 4 and 6 h after exposure of the macrophages to biologically active or methylamine-inactivated C4 protein. These data demonstrate that regulation of C4 biosynthesis by guinea pig macrophages serves as a model for the study of the molecular mechanisms of macrophage activation as well as the control of production of a component of the inflammatory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunochemical characterization of the mucoid exopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Alginic acid-like mucoid exopolysaccharide was isolated from three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from the sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis. Purified mucoid antigens were greater than 99% uronic acid. With a hemagglutination assay, antibody responses to the mucoid exopolysaccharide were documented after immunization of rabbits with either whole mucoid organisms or purified mucoid exopolysaccharide. The mucoid antigen from one strain (no. 2192) was composed predominantly of a single serologic epitope shared among 40 alginate exopolysaccharides from different clinical isolates. The mucoid exopolysaccharide from the other two strains (nos. 1 and 258) had a serotype-specific determinant in addition to the common epitope. Analyses of antibody in sera from normal adults, children, and patients with cystic fibrosis culture-positive and culture-negative for mucoid P. aeruginosa showed a highly significant (P less than 0.001) association between increased hemagglutination titers and positive cultures for mucoid P. aeruginosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cyclophosphamide and cortisone acetate inhibit complement biosynthesis by guinea pig bronchoalveolar macrophages.

To explore mechanisms of drug-induced alterations in local host defenses in the lung, the capacity of guinea pig alveolar macrophages to synthesize the second (C2) and fourth (C4) components of complement was studied following treatment with cyclophosphamide and cortisone acetate. Administration of either drug significantly inhibited biosynthesis of C2 and C4 within 1 day. After 1 week of treatment, local complement synthesis was inhibited approximately 80%, although serum levels of the corresponding proteins were normal.

Animals↗