Biomedical subjects

W K Moon

Publications and source records attributed to W K Moon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Effects of supplementation of beta-glucans on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and immunity in weanling pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of beta-glucan on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and immunity in weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 210 weanling pigs (6.38 +/- 0.92 kg of BW) were fed dietary beta-glucan (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, or 0.04%) for 5 wk. In Exp. 2, 168 pigs (6.18 +/- 1.31 kg of BW) were fed no beta-glucan or antibiotics (T1), 0.02% beta-glucan (T2), only antibiotics (T3), or 0.02% beta-glucan with antibiotics (T4) for 8 wk. In Exp. 2, the antibiotics fed were apramycin and carbadox in phase I (0 to 2 wk) and carbadox and chlortetracycline in phase II (3 to 8 wk). During Exp. 2, the performance study was conducted for 5 wk, and the immune response was tested until 8 wk. In Exp. 1, there was a trend for a linear increase (P = 0.068) in ADG as the dietary beta-glucan concentration increased in the diet. The digestibilities of DM, GE, CP, ether extract, Ca, and P increased linearly (P < 0.05) in the beta-glucan-supplemented pigs. In Exp. 2, the overall ADG was greater (P < 0.05) in treatment T4 compared with the control group (T1). Also, except for P, this group showed greater (P < 0.05) nutrient digestibilities than the control group. In Exp. 2, at d 15, 24, and 46 antibody titers were measured by ELISA against Pasteurella multocida type A and D after vaccination with atrophic rhinitis, and they differed significantly (P < 0.05) with no particular trend. Flow cytometry was used to determine porcine lymphocyte subpopulations at 4 and 8 wk of Exp. 2. There was an increase in CD4 cells (P < 0.05) and a trend for an increase in CD8 cells (P < 0.10) at 8 wk in pigs fed the T2 diet compared with the other groups. Overall, increasing the dietary concentrations of beta-glucan did not improve ADG without antibiotic, and in weanling pigs antibiotics seem to be more effective in improving nutrient digestibilities and growth performance than beta-glucan.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2005

Effects of supplementation of beta-glucan on the growth performance and immunity in broilers.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of beta-glucan on commercial broilers. In experiment 1, one hundred and forty-four broiler chicks were employed in a 2x3 factorial design with cage and open floor housing with three levels of beta-glucan viz. 0%, 0.02% and 0.04%. In experiment 2, ninety-six broilers were used with 4 treatments: No beta-glucan and antibiotic (T1), beta-glucan 0.03% (T2), antibiotic (T3), and beta-glucan 0.03% + antibiotic (T4) for 34 d with 3 replicates of 8 chicks each in both studies. During experiment 1 there was no significant effect of the feeding system or the beta-glucan levels on the performance from 0 to 17 d but during 18-34 days birds housed on the open floor had significantly (p<0.0001) higher weight gain compared with those in cages. In experiment 2, no significant effect was noticed on the weight gains when the effect of beta-glucan, antibiotic or their interaction were tested. The retention of dry matter increased in both experiments with beta-glucan supplementation. The CD8 and TCR 1 cells were significantly higher in the 0.04% beta-glucan group at 42 days as compared with the control. It could be concluded that beta-glucan supplementation was beneficial for broilers.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2005

Image retrieval with principal component analysis for breast cancer diagnosis on various ultrasonic systems.

OBJECTIVES: We present a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system with textural features and image retrieval strategies for classifying benign and malignant breast tumors on various ultrasonic systems. Effective applications of CAD have used different types of texture analysis. Nevertheless, most approaches performed in a specific ultrasonic machine do not indicate whether the technique functions satisfactorily for other ultrasonic systems. This study evaluated a series of pathologically proven breast tumors using various ultrasonic systems. METHODS: Altogether, 600 ultrasound images of solid breast nodules comprising 230 malignant and 370 benign tumors were investigated. All ultrasound images were acquired from four diverse ultrasonic systems. The suspicious tumor area in the ultrasound image was manually chosen as the region-of-interest (ROI) subimage. Textural features extracted from the ROI subimage are supported in classifying the breast tumor as benign or malignant. However, the textural feature always behaves as a high-dimensional vector. In practice, high-dimensional vectors are unsatisfactory at differentiating breast tumors. This study applied the principal component analysis (PCA) to project the original textural features into a lower dimensional principal vector that summarized the original textural information. The image retrieval techniques were employed to differentiate breast tumors, according to the similarities of the principal vectors. The query ROI subimages were identified as malignant or benign tumors according to characteristics of retrieved images from the ultrasound image database. RESULTS: Using the proposed CAD system, historical cases could be directly added into the database without a retraining program. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve for the system was 0.970+/-0.006. CONCLUSION: The CAD system identified solid breast nodules with comparatively high accuracy in the different ultrasound systems investigated.

Area Under Curve↗

PubMed2004

Antiviral effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae beta-glucan to swine influenza virus by increased production of interferon-gamma and nitric oxide.

The aim of these experiments was to investigate the potential antiviral effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae beta-glucan on the pneumonia induced by swine influenza virus (SIV). Forty colostrum-deprived 5-day-old piglets were randomly divided into four groups of 10. The 20 pigs in groups 1 and 2 were administered Saccharomyces cerevisiae beta-glucan orally (50 mg/day/pig; En-Bio Technology Co., Ltd) for 3 days before SIV infection and those in groups 3 and 4 were given culture medium/diluent alone. Groups 1 and 3 were inoculated intranasally with 3 ml of tissue culture fluid containing 2 x 10(6) tissue culture infective doses 50% (TCID(50))/ml of SIV and those in groups 2 and 4 were exposed in the same manner to uninfected cell culture supernatant. The microscopic lung lesions induced by SIV infection (group 1 pigs) were significantly more severe than those induced by infection in animals pre-administered beta-glucan (group 3) (P < 0.05). Significantly more SIV nucleic acid was detected in the lungs of pigs experimentally infected with SIV only (group 1) at 5, 7 and 10 days post-inoculation (dpi) compared with lungs from pigs pre-administered beta-glucan and infected with SIV (group 3) (P < 0.05). The concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and nitric oxide (NO) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pigs pre-administered beta-glucan and infected with SIV (group 3) were significantly higher than for any other group at 7 and 10 dpi for IFN-gamma, and at 5, 7 and 10 dpi for NO (P < 0.05). Saccharomyces cerevisiae beta-glucan reduced the pulmonary lesion score and viral replication rate in SIV-infected pigs. These findings support the potential application of beta-glucan as prophylactic/treatment agent in influenza virus infection.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2003

Comparison of contrast-enhanced ct angiography and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography in the detection of subsegmental-sized pulmonary embolism. An experimental study in a pig model.

PURPOSE: To compare contrast-enhanced CT angiography (CTA) and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) for the detection of subsegmental-sized pulmonary emboli in a pig model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 5 anesthetized pigs, 3-mm diameter embolic materials made of Konjac, a semisolid food, were introduced through the internal jugular vein into pulmonary arteries. After embolization, CTA and MRA images were obtained. Respiration was suspended during CTA and MRA image acquisition. Two readers reviewed the CTA and MRA images to detect emboli. The pigs were sacrificed, and sliced specimens of inflated lung served as the gold standard. RESULTS: Thirty-six emboli were detected within peripheral arteries. The sensitivity (and 95% confidence intervals) of CTA for the two readers were 57% (39-74%) and 66% (48-81%), and 88% (69-98%) and 92% (74-94%) for MRA. The specificity of CTA was 95% (91-97%) and 98% (96-99%), and that of MRA was 85% (74-93%) and 90% (80-96%). Interobserver agreement was higher for MRA (kappa 0.898) than CTA (kappa 0.574). CONCLUSION: For the detection of subsegmental pulmonary emboli, MRA was superior to CTA, with a higher sensitivity and interobserver agreement by demonstrating perfusion deficits.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for detection of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer.

Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a noninvasive imaging technique capable of identifying primary tumors and metastases with high sensitivity and accuracy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of whole-body FDG-PET imaging for the detection of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer after surgery. Whole-body FDG-PET imaging was performed on 27 patients with suspected recurrent breast carcinoma. PET images were evaluated qualitatively for each patient and lesion. FDG-PET scans showed that there were 61 reference sites of malignant or benign lesions in 27 patients. In a patient-based analysis, FDG-PET scans correctly identified 16 of 17 patients with recurrent or metastatic disease and 8 of 10 without recurrence, resulting in a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 94%, 80%, and 89%, respectively. In a lesion-based analysis, FDG-PET scans correctly identified 46 of 48 lesion sites with recurrent or metastatic disease and 11 of 13 without recurrence. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for all lesion sites were 96%, 85%, and 93%, respectively. FDG-PET scans revealed unsuspected recurrent or metastatic diseases in 8 of 27 (30%) of patients and 11 of 20 (55%) distant metastatic lesions. In 13 patients treatment was altered by the outcome of the PET scan. We concluded that whole-body FDG-PET scan is a useful diagnostic imaging modality for detecting recurrent or metastatic breast carcinoma in patients suspected of having recurrent disease after primary surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: mammographic and sonographic findings.

PURPOSE: We investigated the mammographic, sonographic, and pathologic findings in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast. METHODS: The mammographic (n = 16) and sonographic (n = 11) findings in 16 patients with metaplastic carcinoma of the breast were analyzed retrospectively along with pathologic findings. Whenever possible, results of preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy and immunohistochemical studies were obtained. RESULTS: All patients presented with a palpable breast mass. The mean size of the lesions at pathologic examination was 4.2 cm. On mammography, 15 patients had a mass (1 patient had 2 masses), and 1 patient had only clustered microcalcifications without an associated mass. The mean longest diameter of the 16 masses on mammography was 4.6 cm. Eleven lesions (69%) were round to ovoid in shape, 13 lesions (81%) showed ill-defined or obscured margins, and 10 lesions (63%) showed associated architectural distortion. On sonography, 6 (55%) of 11 lesions were round to ovoid, 9 lesions (82%) had well-defined margins, and 6 lesions (55%) showed complex echogenicity with solid and cystic components. At pathologic examination, 4 of these 6 lesions showed hemorrhagic or cystic necrosis. Axillary lymph nodes were positive in 6 (40%) of 15 patients in whom axillary node dissection was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast manifests as a rapidly growing, mammographically ill-defined round mass with associated architectural distortion on mammograms. Complex echogenicity with solid and cystic components may be seen sonographically and is related to hemorrhagic or cystic necrosis seen pathologically.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Lesion characterization using vessel permeability map to new blood pool contrast agent calculated from dynamic magnetic resonance images.

Use of contrast enhancement in conjunction with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides a means to evaluate tissue function, as well as morphology. Moreover, physiologic properties derived from kinetic analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced data can improve the specificity of MR examinations. In this study, quantitative analysis of microvascular characteristics based on dynamic MR imaging were performed both for malignant and benign lesions using two types of contrast agents (CAs). A new MR macromolecular contrast medium (MMCM), 24 gadolinium-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA)-dendrimer, was found to have a greater ability to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. When a blood pool agent was used, permeability differences in the two types of lesions were the most significant findings among all parameters considered.

Abscess↗

PubMed2000

Metallic punctate densities in the breast after Chinese herbal treatment: mammographic findings.

PURPOSE: To describe the mammographic features of metallic punctate densities seen in women who were treated with the herb go-yak for breast abscess and to explain the cause of these findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammograms showing metallic punctate densities that appeared to be microcalcifications in 34 women were analyzed retrospectively with attention to the location, shape, distribution, and depth of the lesions. In all patients, go-yak was applied into the open wound after abscess drainage 6-42 years before mammography. In six patients, histopathologic specimens were obtained after needle localization. RESULTS: Metallic densities were in the subareolar or central breast in 24 (71%) of 34 patients. The shape was predominantly round or punctate in all patients, but rod-shaped or linear lesions were found in seven patients. The distribution and depth of lesions were variable, but they extended to the subcutaneous fat in 29 patients (85%). A high concentration of lead was found in the histopathologic specimens and herb samples. CONCLUSION: Lead deposits associated with go-yak treatment should be included in the differential diagnosis when the suspected microcalcifications are of unusually high density, are central in location, and extend into the subcutaneous fat in Asian women with a history of breast abscess.

Abscess↗

PubMed2000

Nonpalpable breast lesions: evaluation with power Doppler US and a microbubble contrast agent-initial experience.

PURPOSE: To evaluate power Doppler ultrasonography (US) performed with a microbubble US contrast agent in the differentiation of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty nonpalpable breast lesions in 50 patients were prospectively evaluated with power Doppler US before and after injection of the contrast agent SH U 508A. Lesion vascularity and the morphology of vessels on US scans were analyzed and were correlated with histologic results. RESULTS: Surgical excision revealed 22 cancers and 28 benign lesions. At nonenhanced power Doppler US, eight (36%) of 22 cancers and four (14%) of 28 benign lesions were vascular. At contrast agent-enhanced power Doppler US, 21 (95%) cancers and six (21%) benign lesions were vascular (P <.001). Irregular vessels were seen in three cancers and one benign lesion at nonenhanced power Doppler US and in 11 cancers and one benign lesion at contrast-enhanced power Doppler US. By using the presence of vascularity in the mass as the diagnostic criterion for malignancy, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of power Doppler US changed from 36%, 86%, 67%, and 63%, respectively, to 95%, 79%, 78%, and 96% after contrast agent injection. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced power Doppler US was superior to nonenhanced power Doppler US in the demonstration and characterization of tumor vascularity in nonpalpable breast lesions. Contrast-enhanced power Doppler US may be useful for the differentiation between nonpalpable breast cancers and benign tumors.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

US of mammographically detected clustered microcalcifications.

PURPOSE: To determine whether ultrasonography (US) can depict breast masses associated with mammographically detected clustered microcalcifications and whether the visibility at US is different between benign and malignant lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-four patients with 100 mammographically detected microcalcification clusters prospectively underwent US with a 10- or 12-MHz transducer before mammographically guided presurgical hook-wire localization. The visibility of breast masses at US was correlated with histologic and mammographic findings. RESULTS: Surgical biopsy revealed 62 benign lesions, 30 intraductal cancers, and eight invasive cancers. At US, breast masses associated with microcalcifications were seen in 45 (45%) of 100 cases. US depicted more breast masses associated with malignant (31 [82%] of 38) than with benign (14 [23%] of 62) microcalcifications (P: <.001). In malignant microcalcification clusters larger than 10 mm, US depicted associated breast masses in all 25 cases. There was no statistically significant difference in shape and distribution of calcific particles, as well as in breast composition, at mammography between US visible and invisible groups. CONCLUSION: Given a known mammographic location, US with a high-frequency transducer can depict breast masses associated with malignant microcalcifications, particularly clusters larger than 10 mm. US can be used to visualize large clusters of microcalcifications that have a very high suspicion of malignancy.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of bacterial abscess and VX2 carcinoma in rabbits: comparison of gadopentetate dimeglumine and a macromolecular contrast agent.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare enhancement patterns of a blood-pool contrast agent, Gadomer-17, with those of gadopentetate dimeglumine in bacterial abscesses and VX2 carcinoma in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen rabbits with experimentally induced bacterial abscesses and VX2 carcinoma in both thighs underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging with Gadomer-17 and gadopentetate dimeglumine at a 24-hr interval. The enhancement ratios (postcontrast to precontrast signal intensities) of lesions in the same animal were assessed and correlated with microvessel density. RESULTS: For Gadomer-17, the enhancement ratio of the abscesses (1.66 +/- 0.39) peaked 15 min after the injection, while that of the carcinoma (2.05 +/- 0.16) peaked at 10 min. The enhancement ratios of the carcinoma were consistently higher than those of the abscesses up to 30 min. For gadopentetate dimeglumine, peak enhancement ratio of the abscesses (2.30 +/- 0.75) was seen 5 min after the injection, while that of the carcinoma (2.32 +/- 0.51) was seen at 3 min. The enhancement ratios of the carcinomas were significantly higher at 1 min, but significantly lower at 20-30 min, compared with those of the abscesses, as a result of rapid decrease of enhancement ratios in the carcinomas. The microvessel density was 9.8 +/- 5.2 vessels per field of view for the abscesses and 36.3 +/- 9.5 vessels per field of view for the carcinoma (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Delayed peak enhancement and slow decay were found in both bacterial abscess and VX2 carcinoma with Gadomer-17, whereas early peak enhancement and rapid decay were found especially in VX2 carcinoma with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Enhancement ratios on MR imaging with a blood-pool contrast agent correlated well with the microvessel density in bacterial abscess and VX2 carcinoma.

Abscess↗

PubMed2000

Metastatic tumors to the breast: mammographic and ultrasonographic findings.

We evaluated the mammographic (n = 16) and ultrasonographic (n = 15) findings of 18 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. Fifteen patients showed multiple or diffuse lesions and three patients showed single lesions. Ten patients (55.6%) had bilateral lesions. Mammography revealed high density (15 cases, 93.8%), round to oval (11 cases, 68.8%) lesions with poorly defined or obscured margins (12 cases, 75.0%). No associated calcification was found in any lesion. Ultrasonographically, poorly defined (8 cases, 53.3%), irregularly shaped (8 cases, 53.3%), hypoechoic (14 cases, 93.3%), heterogeneous (8 cases, 53.3%) lesions were predominantly distributed superficially (11 cases, 73.3%). Axillary lymphadenopathy was detected in six patients (33.3%). The longest diameter of most of the lesions was less than 2.0 cm (13 cases, 81.3%). We conclude that metastatic tumors to the breast appear as relatively small, superficially located, poorly defined, irregular nodules without calcification on mammography and ultrasonography. However, when the metastatic lesion is diffuse, the appearance is indistinguishable from that of inflammatory breast carcinoma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Complicated pleural tuberculosis in children: CT evaluation.

PURPOSE: To describe the CT features of complicated pleural tuberculosis in children and to define the use of CT in children with pleural tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT findings in 11 children with complicated pleural tuberculosis were retrospectively analysed. CT was performed to evaluate persistent pleural thickening (n = 6) or a mass-like lesion (n = 5) detected on plain radiographs. Chest radiographs and medical records were reviewed to determine whether additional information provided by CT had altered clinical management. RESULTS: On CT, more than one location was involved in five patients (45%) and in two patients (18%) the entire pleural spaces were involved. Pleural thickening was seen in all 11 patients and enhancement after administration of contrast medium occurred in ten patients (91%). Low-density fluid collections were seen in nine patients (82%) and in two, CT revealed fluid collections within calcified pleural lesions. In five patients with mass-like lesions on plain radiographs, CT showed a low-density pleural mass with peripheral enhancement in four and a calcified pleural mass with fluid collection in one. CT demonstrated parenchymal abnormalities on the same side as pleural lesions in all 11 patients and hilar or mediastinal adenopathy in four. Four patients (36%) underwent surgery because of fluid within a calcified fibrothorax (n = 3) and chest wall tuberculosis (n = 1) that were seen only on CT. CONCLUSIONS: The CT features of complicated pleural tuberculosis in children were pleural thickening, enhancement and fluid collection with associated parenchymal abnormalities and lymphadenopathy. In the evaluation of children with pleural tuberculosis, CT can be useful for demonstrating fluid within a calcified fibrothorax or chest wall involvement, which usually requires surgical intervention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Detection of cancer in augmented breasts by positron emission tomography.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic efficiency of positron emission tomography with 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose in detecting breast cancer in augmented breasts. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital, Korea. SUBJECT: 9 cases or 8 patients with breasts augmented with paraffin or silicone. INTERVENTION: FDG-PET, mammography, and ultrasonography RESULTS: The mammogram detected the breast cancer in only 1 of 3 patients, and ultrasonography gave a false positive result in 1 patient with an augmented breast. In contrast, PET predicted all the cancers and 5/6 benign lesions. 2/3 breast cancers had axillary FDG uptake interpreted as showing metastatic involvement, and in 1 case with cancer with no axillary lymph node involvement there was no FDG uptake in the axilla, which correlated with the pathological finding. CONCLUSIONS: Although the high cost of PET makes its use as a screening test for all patients with augmented breasts unrealistic, it would be the best diagnostic choice if other methods failed.

Axilla↗

PubMed1999

Intracranial germinomas: correlation of imaging findings with tumor response to radiation therapy.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to correlate imaging characteristics of intracranial germinomas with response to radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using tumor size at the completion of irradiation, we classified 23 patients with histologically proven germinomas in the pineal gland (n = 6), the suprasellar region (n = 7), and the basal ganglia (n = 10) into two groups: excellent response group (n = 14) and good response group (n = 9). Excellent response was defined as complete resolution or residual tumor less than 1.0 cm in diameter, and good response was defined as residual tumor of 1.0-3.0 cm in diameter. CT (n = 53) and MR (n = 32) images obtained before, during, and after radiation therapy were retrospectively analyzed with particular attention to the location, size, presence of cystic change, and CSF seeding of the tumors. RESULTS: In all 23 patients, the tumors decreased 85-100% in size at the completion of irradiation with 40-56 Gy. A significant factor in the different responses to irradiation between patients in the excellent and good response groups was cystic change of the tumor. Tumors with cystic components responded more slowly and had larger residual lesions than did tumors without cystic components (p < .01). In eight of 12 cystic tumors, the cystic portion of the tumor responded more slowly than did the solid portion and remained visible on imaging 6-12 months after irradiation. We found no significant differences between the two groups in location, size, and CSF seeding of tumors. In 12 patients with residual lesions at the completion of irradiation, the tumors proceeded to resolve after completion of treatment. CONCLUSION: In our study, tumor response to radiation therapy correlated negatively with the presence of a cystic region.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Right paratracheal air cysts in the thoracic inlet: clinical and radiologic significance.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the CT appearance and clinical significance of a right paratracheal air cyst at the level of the thoracic inlet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five consecutive patients with paratracheal air cysts were included in this study. The location, level, size, and shape of the paratracheal air cysts on CT were analyzed. The spirometric data, tracheal indexes, and CT-determined emphysema scores of these patients were compared with those of 60 consecutive patients in a control group. RESULTS: The air cysts were located at the right posterolateral aspect of the trachea in 64 (98%) of 65 patients and at T1-T2 vertebral levels in 57 (88%) of 65 patients. The mean diameter of the right paratracheal cysts was 10 mm in the axial plane and 14 mm in the vertical plane. CT showed a communicating channel with the trachea in five patients. The ratio of forced expiratory volume obtained in 1 sec to forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity in patients with paratracheal air cysts, were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < .05). Differences in the tracheal indexes and CT-determined emphysema scores between the study group and the control group were found to be statistically significant (p = .001). CONCLUSION: The most probable nature of a right paratracheal cyst in the thoracic inlet is tracheal diverticulum with a narrow stalk. The presence of a right paratracheal air cyst on CT could be a sign of obstructive lung disease clinically and of the presence of emphysema radiologically.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Granulomatous mastitis: mammographic and sonographic appearances.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study is to describe the mammographic and sonographic appearances of granulomatous mastitis. CONCLUSION: Granulomatous mastitis can mimic breast carcinoma clinically and mammographically, but the sonographic appearance of multiple clustered, often contiguous tubular hypoechoic lesions that are sometimes associated with a large hypoechoic mass should suggest the possibility of granulomatous mastitis.

Adult↗