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Biomedical subjects

W Köhler

Publications and source records attributed to W Köhler.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[The question of the validity of haptoglobin/G-streptococci relations in nonhuman sera].

The relationship between haptoglobin type and the agglutinability of some group G streptococci, which was observed in humans, could also be demonstrated in animal sera. In humans the haptoglobin type Hp 1-1 is correlated with a lacking or very low agglutinability. Sera of 10 rhesus monkeys showed Hp-type 1-1 and agglutinated the streptococci only to dilutions of the serum up to 1:4. The sera of 48 pigs contained an Hp 1-1 like type and a streptococcus agglutination titer of max. 1:10. Seven ahaptoglobinaemic sera gave the same values. Fifty examined sera of rabbits showed also an Hp 1-1 like pattern and did not agglutinate or in undiluted state only.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

[Serodiagnosis of rheumatic disorders].

For the serological diagnostics of the diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (A-streptococci) and secondary diseases (rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis) in the first place the anti-streptolysin reaction is at disposal. In the judgment age is to be taken into consideration and the proportion of the inhibitor in the serum is to be removed by absorption with dextran sulphate. Reliable evidence is to be expected only by the course of the titre. If possible, the antistreptolysin reaction should be supplemented by a second reaction, for which purpose the anti-desoxyribonuclease B-reaction is to be recommended. For supporting the diagnostics of the rheumatoid arthritis at least 2 reactions should be performed, i. e. a haemagglutination test (e. g. after Podliachouk-Harboe) and a particle agglutination test (latex fixation reaction). By means of them the rheumatoid factors (above all antibodies of the IgM-class against gamma-globulin) are proved. The haemagglutinations connect a high specifity with a more insignificant sensitivity, in the particle agglutinations the reverse is the case. Apart from the serological tests mentioned here other proved reactions are mentioned. Besides, data on the valuation of the results and their diagnostic importance are in this paper.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of intercellular distributions of chromatid aberrations.

59 intercellular distributions of chemically induced and spontaneous chromatid aberrations were analyzed for goodness of fit in respect of the Poisson (PD), the geometrical (GD), and the negative binomial distributions (NBD). The data are excellently described by the NBD. This distribution can be deduced from a model out of the queueing theory and is based on the hypothesis of restitution. Estimators are obtained for the ratio of restitution and induction processes involved in the origin of chromosomal aberrations.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1976

Streptococcus zooepidemicus (group C streptococci) as a cause of human infection.

Cervical lymphadenitis with high fever and respiratory distress in a 3-year-old boy is reported. Group C streptococci were isolated from the boy's throat and these were identified as Streptococcus zooepidemicus. The patient recovered after treatment with penicillin. Strep. zooepidemicus is extremely rare as a causative organism of human infections. Even symptomless carriers are very rare. Group C streptococci isolated from humans normally belong to the species Strep. equisimilis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1976

[Demonstration of cellular antibodies against streptococcal antigens in children (author's transl)].

In a group of 48 children the following streptococcal antigens were tested by means of the lymphocyte transformation test: group A streptococcal M1- and M19-protein, mucopeptide, polysaccharides from group A and group C streptococci, erythrogenic toxins and streptokinase. Specific transformations were obtained only by M-proteins. Erythrogenic toxines induced an unspecific stimulation comparable to the mitogenic activity of phytohaemagglutinins. No reactions could be found with streptococcal mucopeptide, the group-specific carbohydrates of groups A and C-streptococci and streptokinase, resp. A significant difference was seen in the group of young children (mean age 5 years) between the specific transformability by M1-protein (a common type) and M19-protein (a rare type). No difference was seen with both M-proteins in the group of older children (mean age 11 years). In both groups of children no differences exist in the number of positive cutaneous reactions after injection of M1- and M19-proteins, but the intensity of reactions (diameters of erythema) were more pronounced with the M-protein of the common type 1.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[The immunobiology of M-proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes. I. Isolation and purification of M-proteins from group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) type 1].

Streptococci of group A, type 1, are lysed by use of phage associated lysin, which is characterized as a N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminidase. This enzyme has no proteolytic activity. Type specific protein antigens are isolated and purified by ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose of the crude extract, concentrated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The immunization tests are carried out on monkeys and rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[The immunobiology of M-proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes. III. Immunization of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)].

Rhesus monkeys were used for the examination of immunogenicity of various preparations of M-antigens of Streptococcus pyogenes, types 1, 12, and 19. The antigens were applied in various dosages, but always with alumniumhydroxide as adjuvant. The challenge infection was provided by the homologous type, in some cases by an additional heterologous type. After intravenous infection all the animals fell ill, as the high dose of infective agents led to poisoning. The majority of immunized animals, however, did not show an increase of antistreptolysin titers with the type 1-infections - a sign of the absence of any reproduction of the injected streptococci in the animal organism. This behaviour was also observed in animals where no protective antibodies (bactericidal and long-chain antibodies) were verified before the infection. The electrocardiographic findings also indicate the protective effect of M-protein vaccines. In all control animals changes were seen which indicated an acute myocarditis. Normal electrocardiograms were obtained from the monkeys which had been immunized and afterwards infected. The administration of antigen every two weeks over a period of one year did not lead to the occurrence of any visible allergy in the skin test. The lymphocyte transformation test showed an increased rate of transformation in some immunized and infected animals, but this is not type-specific.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Infections in newborn infants caused to B-streptococci].

An increased morbidity by Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci) during the perinatal period was to be found in some countries since 1961. Six cases of group B streptococcal meningitis were confirmed by the Central Streptococcus Laboratory of the GDR from July to December 1975. Therefore it is necessary to look for group B streptococcal infection in certain cases of diseases of the newborn. In a short review of literature the clinical signs (acute onset with respiratory distress, sepsis or late onset with meningitis), prevalence, source of infection and therapy (ampicillin or a combination of penicillin G and gentamicin) were summarized. The diagnosis is confirmed by isolation of group B streptococci.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

[Immunization experiments for producing antibody-like substances in caterpillars of Mamestra brassicae L. (Insecta, Lepid., Noct.)].

The agglutinins against human blood cells described in caterpillars of Mamestra brassicae L. were not demonstrable when feeding the animals with a semisynthetic food. After injection or oral intake of certain bacteria (E. coli or streptococci of group C) or even Pope's broth the "antibody-like substances" known from feeding with natural food are being formed, and they agglutinated all human blood cells. The individual animals showed differences regarding the strength of agglutinin formation. The immune reactions observed possibly indicate the existence of a primitive immune system in these species (arthropods).

Agglutination↗
PubMed1975

[The typing of group A haemolytic streptococci. V. Communication: type differentiation within the T-complexes 3, 13, B3264 by means of monospecific T-antisera (author's transl)].

Monospecifically reacting T-antisera can be prepared by the absorption technique of Takizawa, Akiyama and Miyamoto for the Streptococcus pyogenes types 3, 13, B3264 and by conventional techniques for the types 41 and 56. The findings were confirmed by correlation of the T-type with the M-type. This method to a large extent enables typing of group A-streptococcal strains with the T-complex 3, 13, B3264. M-precipitation allows this to a far lesser degree, since M-antigens are produced by only a fairly small percentage of these types. Approximately 90 percent of the 1132 strains agglutinating with T 3, 13, B3264-complex antiserum could be assigned to one of these 3 types by use of monospecifically reacting T-antisera. The epidemiological analysis is considerably improved by this system. The results of the T-typing are in agreement with the outcome of the serum opacity reaction (SOR). Strains belonging to types 3, 41 and 56 react negatively in the SOR, strains of type 13 and B3264 show a positive SOR. The types 33, 43, 52 and 53 possess an identical T-antigen, so that monospecifically reacting T-antisera could not be prepared for these types.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

Bacteriophage P13234mo-mediated intra- and intergroup transduction of antibiotic resistance among streptococci.

Numerous streptococcal strains representing serogroups A, C, and G were tested for transducibility to antibiotic resistance by the temperate Group A streptococcal phage P13234mo. The resistance markers carried by Group A donor strains included the ERL1 factor determining inducible resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin and streptogramin-B type antibiotics as well as chromosomally located mutations for streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance. ERL1, presumably of plasmid nature, was transduced to each of the 36 Group A strains, 10 of the 16 Group C strains, and 1 of the 10 Group G strains tested. Transduction of streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance occurred at lower frequencies than ERL1 transduction, the percentage of transducible Group A strains was lower for these markers than for ERL1, and intergroup transduction was not observed. The effective in-vitro dissemination of resistance factors such as ERL1 by broad host range phages like P13234mo may have some bearing on the marked increase of the incidence of erythromycin and lincomycin resistant streptococci of several serogroups in clinical specimens.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

[Gelelectrofocusing of protektin anti AHP from the albumin gland of Helix pomatia (author's transl)].

The protektin anti AHP from the albumine gland of Helix pomatia is a very interesting substance because of its ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of blood group A as well as group C streptococci. Purification is possible by reversible absorption on Sephadex G200. Isoelectric focusing in a sucrose density gradient is difficult, because the protein precipitates at the isoelectric point. The agglutinin, which is homogeneous in disk electrophoresis experiments (in an alkaline gel system as well as in an acidic one), shows around 9 bands in gelelectrofocusing. All components are able to agglutinate group C-streptococci. Complex formation between protein and ampholytes has been excluded by experiments in gels containing 7M urea. The region of the isoelectric points of the components is between pH 6 and pH 8. The inhomogeneity in gelelectrofocusing is caused probably by differences in the subunits of the protein molecule.

ABO Blood-Group System↗