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Biomedical subjects

W Künzel

Publications and source records attributed to W Künzel.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Blood flow velocity in the uterine and external iliac arteries before and after termination of pregnancy.

In normal pregnancy, there is a marked increase in the uteroplacental blood flow, which is accomplished by a decrease in the peripheral resistance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether changes occur in the uterine and external iliac arteries during early pregnancy and after termination of pregnancy. Twenty pregnant women between the 7th and the 23rd weeks of pregnancy were investigated. They were examined before termination of pregnancy and followed up after the termination. The examinations were done using a pulsed duplex scanner (Acuson model 128XP/10 computed sonography system). In the right and left uterine arteries, there is a close correlation between both the peak flow velocity (r = 0.84; P < 0.01) and the end diastolic flow velocity (r = 0.71; P < 0.01) and the duration of pregnancy. The Vmax and Vmin in the external iliac arteries did not significantly change. The peak flow velocity (Vmax) in the right uterine artery was gradually reduced after termination of pregnancy. It was 0.81 (0.22) m/s before termination of pregnancy, reduced to 0.72 (0.22) m/s in the 1st post-operative day, and to 0.68 (0.21) m/s in the 2nd post-operative day. There was also a significant decrease of the end-diastolic flow velocity (Vmin), from 0.24 (0.10) m/s before termination of pregnancy to 0.15 (0.08) m/s in the 1st post-operative day. The left uterine artery showed similar changes. There is a strong correlation between Vmax and Vmin in both uterine arteries (in the right r = 0.71; in the left r = 0.57) indicating an influence on resistance indices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

The future of obstetrics and gynaecology in Europe.

There is a general recognition that the health of women in Europe can be improved by collaboration between obstetricians and gynaecologists in EU and EFTA countries. The way in which collaborative approaches are developing are discussed, including the problems that have to be addressed if such an initiative is to be successful.

European Union↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative studies on looking into lacertus fibrosis and aponeurosis of the bicipitis brachii muscle as well as assessment of the biceps brachii and bracialis muscles in sheep, goats and wild deer].

In 34 anatomical specimens of sheep, goat and fallow deer the development of the cranial brachial and antebrachial fascia as well as the occurrence of a lacertus fibrosus and of structures, that are homologous with the aponeurosis m. bicipitis brachii hominis, were studied. Additionally, the attachments of the m. biceps brachii and the m. brachialis were dissected. In sheep, goat and fallow deer the superficial layer of the fascia brachii et antebrachii is weakly developed. Its deeper stratum, originating in the tuberositas deltoidea as well as in the crista humeri, and on the forearm interspersing with the fascia of the m. extensor carpi radialis, is of a more robust composition. In goat and fallow deer a remarkable ligamentous bracing of this fascial layer stresses its cranial aspect. The lacertus fibrosus intermingles in all three species with the cranial fascia antebrachii respectively with the tendon of the m. extensor carpi radialis. While in sheep and goat its emergence from the m. biceps brachii is obviously bipartite, in fallow deer this part of the lacertus fibrosus is undivided. Moreover, in all three species a muscular and/or tendinous connection between the m. biceps brachii and the m. pronator teres exists, that is homologous with the aponeurosis m. bicipitis brachii hominis. In sheep, goat and fallow deer the m. biceps brachii attaches with each one tendon to the tuberositas radii and the processus coronoideus med. ulnae. Frequently in sheep, but rarely in goat the ulnar tendon extends its area of attachment to the radius.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Transcutaneous PCO2 during labor--a comparison with fetal blood gas analysis and transcutaneous PO2.

Reduction of lethal and compromised fetal outcome is a benefit of rising socio-economic standards and better health care, including technologies such as cardiotocography and fetal blood analysis. The pursuit of higher standards in obstetrics leads to new and improved techniques. The transcutaneously measured carbon dioxide tension (tc PCO2) was proposed as a continuous and non-invasive method revealing the acid-base status of the fetus. Nonetheless, intrapartum surveillance by measuring tc PCO2 is rarely used in clinical practice. To assess the value of fetal monitoring by tc PCO2 during parturition, tc PCO2 measurements were compared with the fetal acid-base status. Tc PCO2 was measured by a recently developed electrode during 21 deliveries. The tc PCO2 electrode was disinfected, calibrated and applied to the presenting part of the fetus after rupture of membranes. The acid-base status of the fetus was determined with a commercial blood gas analyser in capillary blood (n = 33) and umbilical artery samples (n = 15). Tc PCO2 was correlated with the PCO2 of the capillary blood (r = 0.56; n = 33; P < 0.001) as well as with the PCO2 in the umbilical artery (r = 0.75; n = 15; P < 0.01). The pH value of capillary blood was related to tc PCO2 (r = -0.56; n = 33; P < 0.001). However, tc PCO2 did not show a significant relation with the pH value in the umbilical artery (r = -0.34; n = 15). Variations in skin blood flow are known to decrease the transcutaneously measured oxygen tension (tc PO2) below the PO2 in the capillary and umbilical blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arteries↗
PubMed1993

Autonomic modulation of insulin levels in foetal sheep.

The autonomic nervous system plays an important part in metabolic and circulatory adaptation of the foetus to changes in its intrauterine environment and after delivery. Foetal and neonatal glucose metabolism and insulin secretion are influenced by changes in humoral catecholamine levels as they may occur during asphyxia. To assess the role of neuronal and humoral sympathetic activity in foetal endocrine pancreatic regulation, chronically catheterized foetal sheep near term were chemically sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine. Experiments were carried out in unanaesthetized foetal sheep in utero in the absence of uterine contractions. Insulin and glucose levels, blood gases, acid-base status and catecholamines were measured before, during and after a 2 min occlusion of uterine blood flow caused by mechanical constriction of the maternal aorta. Pancreatic blood flow was determined using radioactive labelled microspheres. During normoxaemia, insulin levels, pancreatic blood flow and glucose transport to the organ in sympathectomized foetuses were elevated compared with intact animals, whereas glucose concentrations did not show any significant differences. After the onset of asphyxia humoral catecholamine levels rose significantly in both groups. Insulin concentrations in the plasma of both intact and sympathectomized foetuses were no longer different indicating both indirect (blood flow and humoral catecholamine related) and direct (neurally mediated) sympathetic effects on pancreatic beta cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The laterocranial fascia structures in the upper and forearm and the differences in the insertion of the M. biceps brachii in domestic mammals].

The laterocranial fascia of the upper arm and forearm, as well as aponeurotic relationships of the Musculus biceps brachii were investigated on each of ten forelimbs from horses, cattle and swine. Ten canine biceps were also investigated. Equine and bovine fascia contain elastic components. An as-yet undescribed ligament-like aponeuroses of the laterocranial forearm fascia to the Fossa radialis humeri was seen in all three species studied. The laterocranial fascia of the upper and forearm form a common passage for the Musculi brachialis et extensor carpi radialis. In the case of the horse, the ulnar aponeurotic tendon of the biceps muscle crosses below the Ligamentum collaterale cubiti medialis. In cattle, on the other hand, it runs between the two branches of the collateral ligament, to attach on the olecranon. This portion of the equine tendon protrudes into the joint. It has connective tissue character in young animals, but becomes fibrocartilaginous in older horses. The radial aponeuroses of the canine biceps exhibits two branches. A situation similar to that seen for the ulnar aponeuroses of the equine Musculus biceps brachii is observed on the inside surface of the porcine Ligamentum cubiti mediale, in which a wedge of connective tissue protrudes into the joint, taking on fibrocartilaginous character in older animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Systemic use of fluoride--other methods: salt, sugar, milk, etc.

An analysis of the literature evaluated the caries-protective effects of various methods of fluoridation. Salt fluoridation (250 or 350 mg F/kg) can be considered as equivalent to fluoridation of drinking water. Existing evidence suggests that milk fluoridation cannot be considered equivalent to fluoridation of either drinking water or salt because of problems of consistent delivery. Sugar, beverages (including tea), as well as fluoride-rich mineral waters are likely to be of only limited importance for caries prevention, but may be effective on an individual basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Intrapartum CTG].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1992

Blood flow velocity in the fetal abdominal aorta and in the umbilical artery in uncomplicated pregnancies.

The blood flow velocity waveform (BFWV) in fetal vessels depends on the stroke volume and the frequency of the fetal heart, the compliance of the vessel and the peripheral resistance of the fetal vascular bed. The objective of the present study was to establish the change of the BFVW throughout gestation and whether the change of the resistance indices are related to the peak flow velocity and/or the end-diastolic flow velocity. The BFVW of the fetal abdominal aorta and of the umbilical artery at 27th-30th week and at 37th-40th week of gestation were analysed in fifteen patients with uncomplicated pregnancies and subsequent normal outcome. The measurement was performed with a pulsed duplex scanner (Kranzbühler). The Doppler beam had a fixed angle of 50 degrees to the fetal vessel in all cases. The peak flow velocity in the fetal aorta remained constant from the 27th-30th week to the 37th-40th week of gestation: 1418 +/- 248 Hz vs. 1448 +/- 269 Hz. The end-diastolic flow, however, showed a significant increase during the respective periods: from 270 +/- 59 Hz to 325 +/- 69 Hz. The peak flow velocity in the umbilical artery was about 25% below that of the fetal aorta: 1028 +/- 149 Hz (27th-30th week) and 1106 +/- 196 Hz (37th-40th week). The end-diastolic flow, however, increased by about 41%: 292 +/- 86 Hz vs. 412 +/- 83 Hz demonstrating a tremendous change of the compliance and the peripheral resistance in the umbilical vascular system. These alterations are also exhibited by the resistance indices. The resistance indices S/D, PI and RI of both vessels were related to the EDF of the abdominal aorta and the umbilical artery at the respective gestational age. It demonstrated that the EDF is of major influence on the calculated resistance indices. The blood flow in the aorta and the umbilical artery was 135(+/- 18) ml/kg/min and 143 (+/- 21) ml/kg/min, respectively. In conclusion, the BFVW for fetal surveillance should be measured under a constant angle in the fetal abdominal aorta. It gives a good information concerning the peripheral resistance and compliance in the respective vascular areas. The EDFV has its lowest value at 200 Hz in the fetal aorta and in the umbilical artery under physiological conditions.

Aorta, Abdominal↗