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Biomedical subjects

W Kaiser

Publications and source records attributed to W Kaiser.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Improvement in prognosis of patients with acute renal failure over a period of 15 years: an analysis of 710 cases in a dialysis center.

In order to evaluate the changes in causes and outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) during the years 1975-1989, 710 patients treated in our dialysis center were analyzed. We compared the etiology, the severity and catabolic state of ARF, the techniques of renal replacement therapy, which were employed and the ages and mortality rates of these patients, who received dialysis therapy during the years 1975-79 (n = 227), 1980-84 (n = 240) and 1985-89 (n = 243). The number of postoperative, posttraumatic and non-traumatic cases of ARF was approximately the same in all three 5-year periods, only the frequency of postrenal failure decreased from 7% in the years 1975-79 to 3% in the years 1985-89. The incidence of sepsis as a major cause of ARF and the most important risk factor was comparably high in the surgical and medical patients during all of the periods, but it increased in the traumatic patients from 7% in the years 1975-79 to 28% during the last 5-year period. The prevalence of respiratory failure and jaundice as additional organ failures, the severity of ARF (oligonanuric-nonoliguric) and the metabolic state were not different in the three patient groups. The magnitude of rise in serum creatinine before the start of renal replacement therapy was significant lower in the last 5-year period in comparison to the years 1975-79 (p < 0.05). Hemodialysis was the treatment in choice of 98 and 93% of the cases during the first two periods, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

Severe tubulopathy and kidney graft rupture after coadministration of mannitol and ciclosporin.

Spontaneous allograft rupture after kidney transplantation is a rare complication usually due to an acute rejection of the interstitial type. In a 32-year-old man kidney transplantation was performed under immunosuppression with prednisolone and ciclosporin (CS). The dose of CS was 5 mg/kg body weight intravenously for the first 24 h, on the 2nd day 10 mg/kg/day orally, with gradually decreasing doses thereafter. The patient remained oliguric in the postoperative period and received additionally 600 ml mannitol solution intravenously for osmodiuresis within a period of 6 days. On the 8th postoperative day, 48 h after the last intravenous infusion of mannitol, spontaneous renal rupture occurred. The CS concentrations in the blood during the days before the rupture were within the upper normal range for effective immunosuppression (300-600 ng/ml). Intraoperatively the kidney appeared enlarged due to edematous swelling of the graft, but it showed no signs of rejection. The histological finding was a toxic tubulopathy with extensive isometric vacuolization and peritubular congestion, a known side effect of both of CS and of mannitol. The rupture was successfully repaired. Thirty-four days after the transplantation diuresis increased and hemodialysis therapy could be discontinued. In a second biopsy of the kidney the signs of toxic tubulopathy with isometric vacuolization were reduced. On the following days the serum creatinine dropped below 160 mumol/l. It can be assumed that the combination of CS therapy and administration of massive and continued doses of mannitol in an oliguric patient with allograft kidney may potentiate severe tubulopathy with concomitant edematous swelling of the graft. This can result in an increasing danger of spontaneous renal rupture.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Selection modalities in the history of the medical faculty of the Halle University. II. The 19th century].

Up to the 19th century a university chair was offered to a physician, surgeon or researcher at the Department of Medicine of the University of Halle mainly by means of a decree issued by the Government or state. The statutes of the Departments of Medicine of different universities were revised and updated in the 19th century, providing for a little more leeway in respect of such calls to a university, giving the universities a right to suggest to the relevant ministers as to who, in their opinion, should receive a call to the chair of professor or assistant professor. Examples taken from the history of the university of Halle, however, show that this freedom of action was rather limited and that royal or government decrees had to be carried out even if they contradicted the conceded right to nomination.

Faculty, Medical↗
PubMed1992

[Nomination criteria in the history of the Medical Faculty of the Halle University. III. From the turn of the century to 1945].

The restrictions that had remained applicable in respect of the right of nomination that had been conceded to the Departments of Universities in the 19th century, were rescinded in the early 20th century. As a rule, a list of three suggested names was submitted, but it was still possible that the ministry would issue a decree of appointment without prior approval of the relevant University department. Whereas the conventional principle of nomination continued to apply on paper, additional criteria were brought into play after 1933 involving premises determined by Nazi party politics and which resulted in centrally monitored vocational decisions.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1992

[In memory of Hermann Jastrowitz (1882-1943)].

The 50th anniversary of the infamous "Wannsee Conference" that was held on 20 January 1942 at Berlin prompts us to recall the memory of the life and achievements of physicians who were the victims of the measures that had been decreed during that conference-physicians who made medical history both during their lifetime and by the fate they endured. One of these was the Jewish physician Hermann Jastrowitz, whose meritorious achievements for the benefit of the Outpatient Division and Hospital of the Department of Medicine of the University of Halle have been practically completely documented and reconstructed from university and other records.

Germany↗
PubMed1992

[Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension and normal kidney function].

In patients with essential hypertension increased albumin excretion in the urine compared to healthy controls is well known. In 38 patients (age: Mean +/- SD = 37 +/- 16 yr, f: m = 19:19) with benign essential hypertension and normal renal function (creatinine clearance: Mean +/- SD = 99 +/- 16 ml/min) we found a mean urinary albumin excretion of 79 +/- 61 mg/24 h in comparison to 14 +/- 13 mg/24 h (p less than 0.01) in 10 healthy controls (age: Mean +/- SD = 35 +/- 14 yr, f: m = 5:5). In 13 patients with hypertension urinary albumin excretion was increased (greater than 25 mg/24 h) in a subclinical range (microalbuminuria), the other 25 hypertensive patients had normoalbuminuria. Comparing the hypertensive patients with and without microalbuminuria, those with elevated albumin excretion were older (age: Mean +/- SD = 42 +/- 12 yr vs. 32 +/- 19 yr), had a longer average duration of hypertension (8 +/- 5 yr vs. 5 +/- 4 yr) and a higher prevalence both of hypertensive retinopathy (77% vs. 28%) and of abnormalities in the electrocardiogram (23% vs. 4%) than those with normal albumin excretion. The difference in the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy (grade I and II) was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Furthermore the patients with microalbuminuria required a more intensive antihypertensive therapy than those with normoalbuminuria, 46% requiring triple drug therapy as opposed to 24% in the latter group. Thus the demonstration of microalbuminuria in patients with benign essential hypertension is associated with a higher prevalence of funduscopic and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and therefore can be considered as an indicator of early vascular damage in essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Appointment modalities in the history of the medical faculty of the Halle University. I. The 18th century].

Modalities of appointment to medical professorships and readerships were quite differently managed in the period of the first century of Halle University opened in 1694. The appointments of the initial era secured a top position to Halle University (Faculty of Medicine). Then followed decades of decline which not at last resulted from a personal policy being not clear-sighted enough. Nearly from about 1780 new conceptions in the modalities of appointment referred to the bloom of the decades of foundation.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1991

[Schizophrenic patients in ambulatory treatment of a psychiatric hospital and in general practice of established psychiatrists].

Two large samples of schizophrenic patients treated in a psychiatric hospital outpatient clinic (n = 108) and by psychiatrists in office practice (n = 265) are compared in regard to socio-demographic and illness characteristics, pharmacological treatment, tardive dyskinesia rate and psychopathological status--also with respect to results on an outcome-scale. For the outpatient clinic patients changes in hospitalization rates and duration of stay, together with predictors of psychosocial outcome dimensions are reported. The strongest differences between the samples are found in a more complicated course of illness for the outpatient clinic patients, which is interpreted as indication for a higher vulnerability. Against expectation, socio-demographic variables showed no significant differences.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

[History of medical graduation and special graduation system exemplified by Halle (III)].

The history of the development of the doctoral theses in the field of medicine is demonstrated at the instance of the University of Halle. The changes concerning contents and organisation are shown which took place at the Medical School opened in 1694 in the course of 250 years. In this part of the treatise is accentuated above all the situation of the forties of our century, in which the processes of academic graduation more than ever before could become a political fact.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1991

[A comparison of 201Tl and 99mTc-MIBI in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinomas].

12 patients with suspected recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma following thyroidectomy, radioiodine therapy and, in some cases, external radiation therapy had 201Tl and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. Except in one case, the findings concerning tumor localization and extension were identical. In all cases, locoregional lymph node metastases as well as osseous metastases were imaged by 201Tl and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. MRI images obtained in all patients with suspected lymph node metastases revealed inoperable situations in 2 cases, whereas there was no correlation in 1 patient with positive 201Tl and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. In contrast, the sensitivity of the two methods was relatively low in the detection of pulmonary metastases which were imaged in 1 out of 3 patients only. Discrepancies between 201Tl and 99mTc-MIBI were observed in a case of axillary lymph node metastasis. Although tumor-/background ratios were slightly higher for 201Tl, 99mTc-MIBI SPECT showed a higher imaging quality compared to 201Tl SPECT, especially in deeply situated tumor lesions. In conclusion, 99mTc-MIBI seems to be a promising alternative imaging agent in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[200 years ago: special medical degrees in the 18th century exemplified by Halle].

The taking of a medical doctor's degree in the 18th century differed considerably from that one of our days. At the example of the Faculty of Medicine of Halle University the courses of the regular proceeding are described including the legally possible modalities of graduation. The taking of the degree of honorary doctor were included into the series of particular graduations which took place under highly different prerequisites.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

[Late reactions following implantation of silicone prostheses].

Silicone implants can provoke local reactions (granulomas, lymphadenopathy) and also systemic side-effects. About 80 case reports in the literature describe autoimmune disease following silicone augmentation. The clinical spectrum includes signs and symptoms of progressive sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease and lupus erythematosus. We present 4 cases with possible autoimmune phenomena related to breast augmentation. After explantation in 1 case the clinical and immunological features disappeared, and the antinuclear antibodies subsequently decreased from a titre of 1:1280 (speckled form) to 1:160 (homogeneous form). To our knowledge there are no similar reports on systemic complications following the use of silicone in urology.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[100 years ago: special medical graduation of the 19th century as exemplified by Halle].

The medical graduation of the 19th century had to adapt themselves to the requirements of the increase of knowledge in the natural sciences and therefore considerably changed compared with the preceding period. At the instance of Halle University the modalities of graduation are demonstrated. Special graduation was intended for distinguished scientists of non-medical origin.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗