[Microbiological safety by hand washing in dental practice].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Ketterl.
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Without acids there is no caries. Acids develop through the metabolic action of the ever-present bacteria in the oral cavity, for which action low-molecular carbohydrates are necessary. The organism is able to keep the enamel surface in a healthy balance, if there is sufficient time for remineralization, and if the saliva reaches the enamel surface. But there is a clear connection between sugar and caries. Even if 99% of the sugar contained in food goes directly to the gastro-intestinal-tract, and even if only 1% remains orally for acid development in plaque and for storage as an extra- and intracellular polysaccharide, this share could still lead to caries.
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Diagnostic methods in restorative dentistry are still based on history taking and clinical examinations. Clinical findings, however, reflect only processes in the microscopic range. The correlation of macroscopic symptoms and histological findings is indispensable. In dentistry, and especially in restorative dentistry, too, laboratory findings will assume more and more importance as already is the case in periodontology and cardiology.
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Gingival grafts represent an operative intervention within the sphere of periodontal surgery which enable a widening of fixed gingiva. Carried out as an outpatient operation, it troubles the patient little. Supported by the oral hygiene of the patient, it creates the necessary conditions for the progression of the periodontal disease to be stopped by local therapy in the region of the gingival pocket.
Twenty-five years of experience in the field of length measurements of the root canal are summarized. It must be concluded that there is no absolutely accurate method to measure the length of the root canal in vivo because of the specific anatomic conditions and the sources or error inherent in all methods. Of the various methods, preference should be given to the so-called graduated instruments. They do not require additional work and enable the observation of aseptic precautions. The industry must be requested to make these instruments available again.
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