PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W Kollmann

Publications and source records attributed to W Kollmann.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Incidence and possible causes of dental pain during simulated high altitude flights.

Of 11,617 personnel participating in simulated high altitude flights up to 43,000 feet, only 30 (0.26%) complained of toothache (barodontalgia). The cause of the barodontalgia in 28 episodes of pain in 25 of these subjects was investigated. Chronic pulpitis was suspected as the cause in 22 cases and maxillary sinusitis in 2. No pathosis was detected in the other four. In 10 cases in which the pulpitis was treated by root filling or replacing a deep filling, subsequent exposure to low pressure caused no pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sympathetic and afferent somata projecting in hindlimb nerves and the anatomical organization of the lumbar sympathetic nervous system of the rat.

The anatomy of the sympathetic pathways from the spinal cord to the lumbar sympathetic trunk and the inferior mesenteric ganglion was studied systematically in the rat. Details of the arrangements of white and gray rami communicantes, sympathetic trunk ganglia, the intermesenteric nerve, and the lumbar splanchnic nerves are summarized. A modified nomenclature for the segmental ganglia of the paravertebral sympathetic chain is proposed. Cell bodies of sensory and sympathetic axons projecting to the skin and skeletal muscle of the rat hindlimb were labeled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in order to study numbers, segmental distribution, and location of the somata of these neurons quantitatively. HRP was applied to the nerves supplying skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius-soleus, GS), hairy skin (sural, SU; saphenous, SA) and to a mixed nerve (tibial, TI). All sensory somata and 96.4% of the sympathetic cell bodies were located ipsilaterally. Sensory somata were commonly restricted to two adjacent dorsal root ganglia (usually L3-4 for SA; L4-5 for GS, TI; L5-6 for SU). Although the sympathetic somata were more widely distributed rostrocaudally (four to six segments), their maximum was always located one or two segments more cranially than the sensory outflow, i.e., corresponding to the rami communicantes grisei. From the data, it is estimated that 420 sympathetic and 530 afferent neurons project into GS, 590 and 3,610 into SU, 920 and 3,750 into SA, and 1,070 and 5,760 into TI. These absolute neuron numbers are compared with electron microscopic fiber counts from the literature.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1987

Psychophysical experiments of thermoperception in human teeth.

Clinically inconspicuous anterior teeth of subjects 18-53 years of age were stimulated by means of an electrically controlled thermode of 0.5 degree C, 35 degrees C and 71 degrees C for 60 s. In two sets of experiments testing vital anterior teeth the cold stimuli were correctly identified significantly above chance level, making the existence of cold receptors inside the tooth probable. No evidence of a corresponding warm perception in human anterior teeth was found. These results were corroborated in a third experiment by comparative testing of 75 anterior teeth--25 devital and 50 vital--for a possible stimulus spread to other than intradental neural structures. Local surface anaesthesia of the tissues adjacent to the teeth significantly reduced the subject's ability to correctly identify cold stimuli. Investigating the effect of cold stimulus temperatures (0.5 degree C, 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C), no significant difference in correct cold perception was found when the two lower temperatures were applied, while with the 25 degrees C stimulus correct cold perception was at chance level. The latency of correct cold responses increased significantly when stimuli of 15 degrees C instead of 0.5 degree C were applied (t-test p less than 0.05). The latency of correct cold responses (0.5 degrees C) was not significantly influenced by surface anaesthesia. It increased significantly, however, when devital teeth were tested with the 0.5 degree C stimulus (t-test; p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Changes in pulp temperature during thermostimulation of human teeth by a simple electrically controlled thermode.

A simple electrically controlled thermode is described that was used in psychophysical experiments on thermoperception from teeth in human subjects. The time course of the intrapulpal temperature changes during a 60 s cooling or heating procedure was measured in in vitro experiments in which the temperature exchange between tooth and surrounding tissue, present in the psychophysical experiments, was stimulated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Age-dependent changes in thermoperception in human anterior teeth.

Subjects (110) divided into three different age groups participated in a follow-up study investigating thermoperception in human anterior teeth. Deciduous teeth (51) were tested in 17 children (3.7 +/- 0.5 yr) and a total of 531 permanent teeth in two other groups of subjects: older children with an average age of 12.4 +/- 1.9 yr and adults with an age of 44.7 +/- 11.7 yr. In all three populations, the subjects' ability in cold perception in teeth was determinable. No data were obtained, however, to prove the existence of a corresponding warm perception. The differences in percentages of correctly-identified cold stimuli and in recorded mean latencies proved to be age-dependent. Variations in degree of dental decay and prior dental therapy did not show a significant effect on cold perception. No differences were found in the data obtained from female and male volunteers.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in pain. Possible neuronal mechanisms.

The sympathetic nervous system is defined anatomically as the thoraco-lumbar autonomic nervous system with only efferent neurones projecting into the lower extremities. The afferent fibres travelling in the sympathetic nerves and supplying visceral organs are named visceral afferents. They are probably involved in visceral nociception. Some afferents in the sympathetic trunk which have been regarded by some as sympathetic afferent neurones from deep structures in the extremities in fact seem to innervate structures in the retroperitoneal space such as the vertebral column e.g. Arguments for and against the direct modulatory influence of sympathetic activity on sensory receptors in skin and skeletal muscle are discussed. It is concluded that an efferent sympathetic control of receptors in the periphery does not play a significant role in mammals. The possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy is discussed in the light of recent experimental findings. The different symptoms like pain, dysregulation of blood flow and sweating, the trophic changes in skin and subcutaneous tissues are considered with respect to the complex morphological and functional changes found in primary afferent neurones, dorsal horn neurones and postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones in animals with nerve lesions. The clinical picture of postsympathectomy pain is presented. It is proposed that the basic peripheral neuronal mechanism leading to this pain may be very much the same as it may be in different types and stages of reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[Fatal granulocyte function defect in a male infant. Results of in vitro and in vivo stimulation with ascorbic acid as well as in vitro stimulation with levamisol and lithium chloride].

We report about a boy who suffered from repeated bacterial infections starting at the age of 4 weeks. A severe defect of chemotactic activity of the neutrophils, and an additional deficient phagocytosis were discovered. The child died at the age of 3 months from septicemia. Chemotactic activity could be stimulated in vitro by ascorbic acid and levamisole but not by lithium chloride. In vivo, however, the effect of ascorbic acid was minimal and treatment with this vitamin could not prevent the lethal end.

Ascorbic Acid↗