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W Koss

Publications and source records attributed to W Koss.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Diagnostic and therapeutic management of symptomatic cholecystolithiasis and pre-operatively suspected choledocholithiasis].

The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of endoscopic retrograde choledocho-pancreatography (ERCP) at the Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin in the setting of pre-operative suspicion of choledocholithiasis. The predictive value of various pathologic findings with regard to choledocholithiasis was to be determined in this patient population.All patients treated operatively for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis between August 2000 and August 2001 were evaluated retrospectively for the following variables: age, gender, operative strategy, intra-operative cholangiography, sonographic findings, occurrence of choledocholithiasis. In 21.4 % of 196 patients who underwent cholecystectomy (n = 42) a pre-operative ERCP was performed. In 19 of these 42 patients, no pathology was found on ERCP. The percentage of therapeutic pre-operative investigations was 47.6 % (n = 20). In 3 patients, a juxtapapillary diverticulum was seen.69.9 % of the operations (n = 137) were performed laparoscopically. 167 patients (85.2 %) underwent intra-operative cholangiography. In 4 patients, the ERCP was performed post-operatively. The indication for 3 of those 4 examinations was an abnormal intra-operative cholangiogram. Complications occurred in 4 of the 46 patients who underwent ERCP (8.7 %). Choledocholithiasis was found in 12.2 % (n = 24) of all 196 patients. The pathologic finding with the highest positive predictive value for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis was the finding of a dilated common bile duct to more than 8 mm diameter (PPV 75 %). Among laboratory variables investigated in this study, the elevation of serum bilirubin level exhibited the highest positive predictive value (PPV 39.2 %).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Flavopiridol induces apoptosis of normal lymphoid cells, causes immunosuppression, and has potent antitumor activity In vivo against human leukemia and lymphoma xenografts.

Flavopiridol is a novel semisynthetic flavone derivative of the alkaloid rohitukine. Flavopiridol is known to inhibit potently the activity of multiple cyclin-dependent kinases. We have assessed its effects on normal and malignant cells in preclinical animal models of localized and disseminated human hematopoietic neoplasms. Flavopiridol, when administered as daily bolus intravenous (IV) injections, produced selective apoptosis of cells in the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, resulting in atrophy of these organs. With the exception of the intestinal crypts, apoptosis or tissue damage was absent in all other organs investigated (kidneys, liver, lungs, bone/bone marrow, muscle, and heart). Flavopiridol had a marked apoptotic effect documented by DNA nick-end labeling, or DNA agarose gels in xenografts of human hematopoietic tumors HL-60, SUDHL-4, and Nalm/6. After treatment with 7.5 mg/kg flavopiridol bolus IV or intraperitoneal on each of 5 consecutive days, 11 out of 12 advanced stage subcutaneous (s.c.) human HL-60 xenografts underwent complete regressions, and animals remained disease-free several months after one course of flavopiridol treatment. SUDHL-4 s.c. lymphomas treated with flavopiridol at 7.5 mg/kg bolus IV for 5 days underwent either major (two out of eight mice) or complete (four out of eight mice) regression, with two animals remaining disease-free for more than 60 days. The overall growth delay was 73.2%. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphoma AS283 showed no significant response when flavopiridol was used in advanced s.c. tumors, but when treatment was initiated in early stages, there was a complete regression of the early tumors, and a significant overall growth delay (>84%). When flavopiridol was used in severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing disseminated human acute lymphoblastic leukemia Nalm/6 cells, there was 15-day prolongation in survival (P = .0089). We conclude that flavopiridol greatly influences apoptosis in both normal and malignant hematopoietic tissues. This activity was manifested in our study as a potent antileukemia or antilymphoma effect in human tumor xenografts, which was dose and schedule dependent. These findings provide compelling evidence for the use of flavopiridol in human hematologic malignancies.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Development of a lipoprotein profile using capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.

A new program for lipoprotein characterization is outlined where capillary electrophoresis (CE) plays a central role in the analysis of intact lipoprotein serum components and the apoprotein domains. The first characterization step involves separation and particle density analysis of very low-, low-, and high-density lipoprotein fractions (VLDL, LDL, HDL) by ultracentrifugation and image analysis. VLDL, HDL, and LDL fractions are analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at low concentrations in the background electrolyte used in the CE analysis is incorporated into the lipoprotein particle without appreciable delipidation, as determined by ultracentrifuge particle density analysis. Increasing the concentration of SDS results in extensive delipidation, resulting in the release of apoproteins (apo) which are detected as components of the electropherogram. Apo B-100 is detected in the delipidated VLDL and LDL fractions along with micelles of the lipids. Micelles from LDL delipidation have uniform charge densities. Apo A-I and A-II are detected in the HDL fraction. A new method for lipoprotein delipidation is introduced where the lipoprotein fraction is adsorbed on a reversed-phase hydrophobic cartridge. Delipidation and recovery of the apoprotein fractions is made by serial elutions with acetonitrile. CE of the lipid-free apoprotein mixture shows the presence of apoC-I,II,III and apoE in the VLDL fraction, and apoA-I,II apoC-I and apoE in the HDL fraction. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis gives the isoform distribution for each apoprotein. The identification of the apoproteins in the electropherograms is the first step in developing a CE-based quantitation method for measuring serum levels of these apoproteins and their distribution between the lipoprotein fractions. The assay described in this paper is being used as a level 2 and 3 cardiac risk profile analysis for individuals with normal lipid profiles who have a documented or family history of cardiovascular disease.

Apolipoproteins A↗
PubMed1996

Coexistence of Hodgkin's disease and giant lymph node hyperplasia of the plasma-cell type (Castleman's disease).

Coexistence of Hodgkin's disease and giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) is well documented in the literature. We present a unique case in which the original lymph node biopsy revealed interfollicular Hodgkin's disease (CD15+, CD30+, CD45-, Reed-Sternberg cells) with coexistent histologic features of the plasma-cell variant of Castleman's disease. The patient experienced a long-term remission following combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy. He presented at 18 years and again at 22 years later with clinical, hematologic, and histologic features of a multicentric plasma-cell variant of Castleman's disease without evidence of Hodgkin's disease. This unique case report further strengthens the association of Castleman's disease and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Two pathogenetic mechanisms for this association have been suggested: (1) secretion of interleukin-6 by Hodgkin's Reed-Sternberg cells and histiocytes, and (2) manifestation of an abnormal immune state associated with Hodgkin's disease. These two mechanisms may, indeed, be related.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The workload recording method. A laboratory management tool.

To provide the physician with an accurate, timely, and useful test result remains the primary goal of the laboratory. This article reviews the workload recording method developed by the College of American Pathologists to monitor the efficiency of personnel in the laboratory. Topics discussed include historical background, time studies, implementation and data collection, productivity ratios, and management applications.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1988

Cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia and sterile shunt malfunction.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) eosinophilia is a rare finding most often associated with central nervous system inflammatory processes, including parasitic, bacterial, and mycotic infections. It has also been seen as an allergic phenomenon. We present two cases of CSF eosinophilia occurring concurrently with sterile shunt malfunction. We speculate that CSF eosinophilia in our patients might have resulted from an allergic response to a foreign material such as suture, surgical glove powder, hair, cotton fibers, antibiotics, or silicone rubber. The incidence of sterile CSF eosinophilia after shunting is not known. Information concerning the role of eosinophilia in the development of shunt malfunctions is also lacking. An increased awareness of this possibility and further investigation are warranted.

Eosinophilia↗
PubMed1987

Histiocytosis X and acute monocytic leukemia. Biologic illustration of the monocyte phagocytic system.

The concept of a mononuclear phagocytic system consisting of a continuum of cells arising from the bone marrow monoblast and terminating in the mature tissue macrophage is being actively investigated. The presentation of documented acute monocytic leukemia 18 months following the confirmed diagnosis of histiocytosis X in a 39-year-old man strongly supports the concept of the mononuclear phagocytic system lineage.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chromosomal 5;14 translocation and hypereosinophilia: case report and literature review.

A 19-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presented with 82,000 WBC/microL, 57% eosinophils, and cardiorespiratory symptoms. Lymphoblast infiltration of the meninges and testes developed without eosinophil infiltration at these sites and peripheral blood and marrow lymphoblast counts progressively increased, while blood eosinophilia disappeared. The patient's bone marrow cells had a clonal cytogenetic abnormality--t(5;14), (q?,q32)--which disappeared during remission and reappeared during disease relapse. Including this case, three patients with ALL and hypereosinophilia have had cytogenetic studies with G-banding. All three had 14q + chromosomal abnormalities and two had a similar translocation t(5,14), (q?,q32). Survival of the 26 ALL patients with hypereosinophilia reported since 1973 was similar to that of 52 age- and sex-matched historical-control patients without hypereosinophilia treated during the same time interval.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy and safety of tissue plasminogen activator.

Simple aspiration to remove acute intracerebral hematomas has been thwarted by the solidity of the clot. Urokinase, a first generation fibrinolytic agent, has been used to liquefy such clots with some success. Therefore, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), a second generation fibrinolytic drug that may be safer and more effective, was studied to evaluate its ability to lyse clot in vitro and its reactivity in the brain and subarachnoid space. t-PA seems to cause partial clot lysis in small dosages (3750 units/70-cc clot) and in a short time (15 minutes). It seems to perfuse through the clot when injected in one place. It does not cause inflammation or bleeding when injected into the rat brain, but indeed seems to promote resorption of blood when the two are injected together. It does not cause aseptic meningitis when injected into the cisterna magna of rabbits. t-PA may prove to be an important adjuvant to the stereotactic aspiration of intracerebral hematomas. It may be particularly helpful in lysing these clots to make possible more gentle aspiration, removing the risk to surrounding brain of strong vacuum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Finger-free speech following total laryngectomy. Instrumentation and technic of surgical voice rehabilitation].

Surgical voice restoration during and after total laryngectomy using Blom-Singer puncture and the glottoplasty techniques provide good results. There is no doubt that the proportion of patients with a good voice is higher after surgical voice restoration than with the use of the esophageal speech or electronic speaking aids. Nevertheless there are problems due to the shunt or the necessary daily changing of the prosthesis with its risks, and failures due to the tracheostomy, the prosthesis and the pharynx. In order to reduce these surgical problems we developed new instruments, a personal surgical procedure for restoration during and after laryngectomy using this set of instruments, a new type of prosthesis and a tracheostoma valve. This technique allows the patient to speak fluently without using his hands, to breathe and to swallow without aspirating.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with associated selective myeloid hypoplasia.

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy is a disease characterized systemic symptoms, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Hematologic abnormalities are common, especially anemia, which is often Coombs positive, and lymphocytopenia. This report cites a case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy associated with selective hypoplasia of the myeloid line and normal maturation of all other marrow-derived cell lines. Possible relationships of this finding to the immunologic abnormalities associated with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: a disease that may be confused with malignancy.

Twelve new cases of an unusual, benign vasoproliferative and inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE), are described and contrasted clinically and pathologically with those appearing in the literature. Only recently recognized in the United States, the disease is of singular importance because the vascular component may be confused histologically with angiosarcoma, thereby resulting in unwarranted aggressive therapeutic measures. ALHE characteristically affects adults and presents in the head and neck region as either solitary or multiple cutaneous tumors. The lesions are pruritic, frequently bleed after minor trauma, and may be associated with peripheral eosinophilia and regional lymphadenopathy. On rare occasions, the disease may masquerade as a salivary-gland tumor, cause stenosis of the external auditory canal, or present as an osseous lesion of the skull. Extrafacial tumors are uncommon. Excision is the most frequent form of therapy; however, local irradiation, corticosteroids, electrodessication with curettage, and chemotherapy have also had varying degrees of success.

Adolescent↗