Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W L Brigner.
Given two taps on the skin at the same position and a third tap some distance away, an observer reports the second tap as occurring at a position between the first and third taps. This is the saltation phenomenon, and as presented in this theoretical note, it is a phenomenon which is easily accommodated by a theoretical rotation of space-time axes.
It was demonstrated with 7 observers that the duration of a high frequency tone was perceived to be longer than the duration of a low frequency tone, even though the actual duration of the two tones was equal.
Just as circle-size induces differences in the perceived extent of a line which interconnects the circles of the Baldwin illusion, it is demonstrated that circle-size induces differences in the perceived duration of a time interval which intervenes between circles of different sizes.
An auditory illusion was demonstrated in which there was perceptual shortening of the temporal interval contiguous to a low frequency (large) tone and/or perceptual lengthening of the temporal interval contiguous to a high frequency (small) tone. This auditory analogy to the Baldwin figure was demonstrated after first determining that there was a symmetrical expansion of perceived time during the auditory filled-duration illusion.
Two paradigms for the study of velocity contrast have been employed. Paradigm one has focused on perceived velocity changes across a field. Paradigm two has focused on perceived velocity changes at the juncture of disparate velocities. The current experiments employ both paradigms to look at oppositely directed motion. Using paradigm two, it was determined that, with oppositely directed motion, the effect on perceived velocity could not be attributed to lateral inhibitory interaction--in contrast to earlier reports of lateral interaction when motion was in the same direction. Using paradigm one, it was determined that the effect upon perceived velocity with oppositely directed motion appeared to involve inhibition across entire fields of motion.
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When light intensity demarcating a 1-sec. interval was increased, there was an increase in the perceived duration of the interval. The increase in perceived duration occurred whether the light intensity was physically increased or perceptually increased through brightness enhancement.
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Binocular rivalry and the Margaret Thatcher illusion were used to assess the bias, if any, of perceptual set. The data for 8 students suggest that set is negatively biased.
Using the duration of the spiral aftereffect as an index of motion perception, the presence of high spatial frequencies inhibited perceived motion for 12 observers.
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To account for an illusion of succession, it was theorized that the axes of the physical space-time plane were rotated in the process of perceiving. This theoretical rotation of space-time axes led to the prediction and demonstration of an illusion of spatial displacement.
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Prime numbers are used to code various dimensions of an input matrix (receptor surface), i.e., prime numbers code the position of each cell in the matrix, the position of each column and row constituted by the cells of the matrix, and the orientation of each such column or row. The coding permits any pattern or stimulus configuration to be changed into a single, unique number, viz., the serial product of the prime numbers which code the relevant dimensions of the pattern. Storage of a pattern is effected by storage of the serial product. By factoring the serial product, the pattern or stimulus configuration is analyzed into the dimensions (features) specified by the code. The factorization is also utilized in abstracting a schema, in approximating a feature count model, and in presenting a strategy for holistic vs sequential pattern processing. Finally, the relationship between the serial product representing a pattern and the phenomenal experience of a pattern is explored.
It is demonstrated that illusory contour in the shape of a square is perceived lighter when abutted by black horizontal lines and white vertical lines, darker when abutted by white horizontal lines and black vertical lines. These differences in perceived brightness and the spread of brightness, or a filling-in phenomenon, can be modeled by the major product of a column vector and a row unit vector where the order of each vector corresponds to extent and the value of each entry in the column vector corresponds to brightness.
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The effects of artificial pupil size and the effects of a power lens upon the relative prominence of illusory contour were evaluated. The perception of illusory contour was facilitated by conditions associated with increased retinal blur and brightness averaging. This was true whether the blur and averaging were achieved using a large artificial pupil or a power lens. The effects of power lens and the effects of artificial pupil size upon the occurrence of brightness contrast and brightness contrast-reversal (or assimilation) were also investigated. Brightness contrast was changed to brightness contrast-reversal by using either a power lens or a large artificial pupil. The occurrence of vivid illusory contour under conditions found conductive to brightness contrast-reversal was interpreted as evidence that contrast-reversal was more crucial in illusory contour formation that brightness contrast.