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W L Kramer

Publications and source records attributed to W L Kramer.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Carcino-embryonic antigen--no help with the differential diagnosis.

Two patients who were referred because of an increase in serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) were diagnosed after a number of years as having a medullary thyroid carcinoma. The relationship between CEA and medullary thyroid carcinoma is discussed. The serum level of CEA is neither sensitive nor specific enough to serve as a diagnostic tool. Its determination, however, is useful in the follow-up of patients with carcinoma of the breast, colo-rectal carcinoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of arboviruses from Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Colorado during an epizootic of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey.

An arbovirus survey was conducted in Colorado and Utah during an epizootic of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey (VSNJ) that occurred in the western United States in 1982-1983. From 120,422 insect specimens assayed, 106 viruses were isolated. Four were rhabdoviruses (VSNJ), three were orbiviruses (bluetongue serotype-11), 92 were Bunyamwera group (65 Main Drain and 27 Lokern), and seven were Simbu group (Buttonwillow) bunyaviruses. Culicoides spp. accounted for 105 viral isolates (C. (Selfia) spp., C. variipennis (Coquillett), C. stellifer (Coquillett), and C. cockerellii (Coquillett], and one was from Simulium bivittatum Malloch. C. (Selfia) spp. accounted for 59% of all pooled specimens and was the source of 89.6% (95) of the isolates. Insects from two sites accounted for 44% (52,802) of all pooled specimens and 67% (71) of the viral isolates. The isolations of VSNJ, Main Drain, Lokern, and Buttonwillow viruses from C. (Selfia) spp. are the first arbovirus isolations reported for this subgenus; this is the first time these viruses have been isolated from Culicoides species other than C. variipennis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) associated with cattle in St. Croix, Virgin Islands, and their relevance to bluetongue virus.

Potential biting midge vectors were collected at two sites on St. Croix as part of an ongoing study on the epidemiology of bluetongue viruses in the Caribbean region. Six species of Culicoides were trapped in a New Jersey light trap (mean = 173 biting midges/trap night) near cattle on a dairy farm. C. furens (Poey) and C. insignis Lutz were the predominant phototactic species, and C. pusillus Lutz, C. trilineatus Fox, C. jamaicensis Edwards, and C. phlebotomus (Williston) were collected less frequently. Four species of Culicoides were aspirated from bovine bait during the morning and evening crepuscular periods with a modified car vacuum. C. furens was aspirated primarily from the ventral portions of the bovine host, whereas C. insignis and C. pusillus were collected principally from the dorsum, and C. trilineatus was collected equally from all aspects. At least one individual of each of these aspirated species was blood engorged. Because C. furens, C. insignis, C. pusillus, and C. trilineatus were most abundant and feed on cattle, they deserve further consideration as vectors of bluetongue virus on St. Croix.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Epizootic vesicular stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: epidemiologic and entomologic studies.

An epizootic of vesicular stomatitis (VS) caused by the New Jersey serotype of VS virus affected livestock and humans in 14 western states in 1982-1983. Epidemiological observations were made on at least 10% of the cattle in 4 dairy herds that were located in the vicinity of Grand Junction, Colorado. High rates of neutralizing antibody to the New Jersey serotype were seen in all cattle regardless of whether livestock in the dairy had clinical VS or a decrease in mild production. Antibody titers remained high in these cattle for as long as 2 years after the epizootic. No virus isolations were made from 32 humans with clinical signs compatible with viral disease. Entomological information was obtained during the epizootic from 23 premises in northwestern Colorado. Insect collections yielded 4 isolates from Culicoides spp. midges, 2 from C. variipennis, and 1 each from C. stellifer and C. (Selfia) spp. This is the first report of VS virus isolations from field-collected Culicoides.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

Orbiviruses from Culicoides in Florida.

Between 1980 and 1983, 45,484 Culicoides spp. collected in Florida near cattle have been examined for orbiviruses by attempted isolation in cell cultures and intravenous (IV) inoculations of embryonated chicken eggs. Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 2 was isolated from a pool of Culicoides insignis trapped at Ona. This is the 1st recovery of BTV from this species representing the 2nd new world species of Culicoides from which BT viruses have been isolated. C. insignis is a neotropical form which extends from northern Florida through the Caribbean region and much of South America. If this species is proven capable of biological transmission of BTV, it could help explain the distribution of antibodies to BTV in areas lacking C. variipennis. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype 2 was recovered from several pools of C. variipennis collected at 2 beef cattle operations in Florida. No viruses were isolated from the small number of C. arboricola, C. stellifer and C. niger examined.

Animals↗