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Biomedical subjects

W L Quinlivan

Publications and source records attributed to W L Quinlivan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Separation of human X and Y spermatozoa by albumin gradients and Sephadex chromatography.

Two methods of separating X and Y spermatozoa in human sperm were evaluated. In the first method, the semen was laid over bovine serum albumin in order to obtain high proportions of Y spermatozoa. The mean number of Y spermatozoa increased from 52% to 74%. For the second method, the semen was passed through columns of Sephadex G50 in order to increase the proportion of X spermatozoa. The X spermatozoa increased from a mean of 60% to 74%. The degree of separation in individual samples showed considerable variation in both methods. In some samples only a 6% change in the proportion of X and Y spermatozoa could be obtained, whereas in others the increase was 37%. The proportion of motile spermatozoa showed a marked increase with the Sephadex method.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1980

Immunoglobulins in the semen of men with azoospermia, oligospermia, or self-agglutination of spermatozoa.

One hundred samples of semen showing azoospermia, oligospermia, self-agglutination of spermatozoa, or normal physiologic spermatozoa were examined for evidence of autoimmune disorders. Immunoglobulin A, secretory immunoglobulin A, and complements C3 and C4 were present in a greater proportion of abnormal samples than in normal ones. The immunoglobulin A content of the abnormal samples was markedly increased, and the immunoglobulin G level slightly increased, as compared with normal samples. These findings support the hypothesis that agglutination of spermatozoa in semen is an autoimmune mechanism. They also suggest that, although spermatozoa may activate the mechanism, it is possible that abnormalities of the male genital tract can stimulate the formation of spermatozoal antibodies.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1979

Therapeutic donor insemination: results and causes of nonfertilization.

The results of therapeutic donor insemination (AID) in 108 women are presented. Of the 108 women, 65 (60%) achieved a pregnancy. Eighty-five per cent of the pregnancies occurred with six AIDs or less, and 80% resulted in live births. The reasons why 43 women did not conceive are analyzed. The most common cause of failure was discontinuing the AID program. Of the original 108 women, 34 (32%) had dropped out of the program by the time they had received 6 AIDs or less. Reproductive abnormalities in the wife, and irregular ovulatory patterns, were the next most common causes of failure, and were often associated with discontinuation of the program. Advice regarding 2 days of sexual abstinence prior to AID was considered to improve the pregnancy rate. Fresh semen was shown to be superior to frozen samples in achieving pregnancies.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1977

The immunologic effects of husband's semen on donor spermatozoa during mixed insemination.

Artificial insemination was performed on four women with the husband's and donor's semen mixed. No pregnancies resulted after several inseminations. One woman also received artificial donor insemination without success. Seminal plasmas from the husbands were allowed to react with donor semen and were observed to produce immobilization and agglutination of the donor's spermatozoa. Two of the husbands' seminal plasmas had high levels of immunoglobulin A, and all contained complements C-3 and C-4, which suggests that the mechanism is immunologic. Artificial donor inseminations were performed, and in addition the couples were advised to refrain from sexual intercourse for 2 days prior to insemination, in order to eliminate the risk of husband's seminal plasma being on the wife's cervix. Within 1 month, three of the four women became pregnant. As a practical measure, it is proposed that the effect of husband's semen on donor spermatozoa be determined prior to performing mixed inseminations and that couples refrin from sexual intercourse for 2 days prior to donor inseminations.

Complement System Proteins↗
PubMed1977

Spermatozoal antibodies in human seminal plasma as a cause of failed artificial donor insemination.

Seven couples who were in a program of artificial donor insemination (AID) which had not resulted in a pregnancy were advised to abstain from sexual intercourse for 2 days prior to AID. Six of the wives became pregnant following this advice. Seminal plasmas from the seven husbands showed evidence of spermatozoal antibodies. They agglutinated or immobilized healthy spermatozoa and contained immunoglobulin A and complements C-3 and C-4. Immunoglubulin G levels in these seminal plasmas were slightly elevated. Blood sera from the same husbands also agglutinated normal spermatozoa or decreased their motility. A comparison of 33 women who were not advised concerning sexual intercourse prior to AID and 17 women who were advised revealed that 46% of the former group became pregnant, whereas in the advised group 88% achieved pregnancy. The conclusion is that abnormal semen may contain spermatozoal antibodies which adversely affect normal spermatozoa. In order to avoid the presence of spermatozoal antibodies on the wife's cervix, couples are advised to abstain from sexual intercourse, or to use a condom, for 2 days prior to AID.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1975

Circulating antispermatozoa immunoglobulin G in men after vasectomy.

The sera from ten vasectomized men produced immobilization and agglutination of human spermatozoa and positive passive hemagglutination tests. Immunoglobulin G fractionated from the samples of sera produced similar effects. In these men, it appears that a circulating antibody, immunoglobulin G, was produced against spermatozoa after vasectomy. The sera from 22 men who had not undergone vasectomy did not cause spermatozoa immobilization or agglutination, and produced a negative passive hemagglutination test.

Adult↗