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Biomedical subjects

W L Robson

Publications and source records attributed to W L Robson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Diurnal enuresis.

Daytime wetting is a common problem in childhood; in most cases, it is an intermittent or self-limited problem with a benign and easily identifiable cause. The history is the most important aspect of the assessment. A urinalysis is helpful to look for UTI, and ultrasonography of both the kidney and the bladder is an excellent noninvasive screening study. More invasive diagnostic imaging studies are necessary only if the patient has symptoms or signs suggestive of urethral obstruction, neurogenic bladder, Hinman syndrome, or ectopic ureter. With time and appropriate treatment, the prognosis is excellent for the majority of patients.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Evaluating the child with chronic diarrhea.

The occurrence of chronic diarrhea in infants younger than three months suggests disaccharidase deficiency, cow's milk or soy protein intolerance, cystic fibrosis or an immunodeficiency state, while chronic diarrhea in children three to 18 years of age suggests celiac disease, late-onset primary lactose deficiency and inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointestinal infection is the most common cause of chronic diarrhea in children of all ages. Diarrhea that develops after the introduction of cow's milk, cereals and fruits suggests an enzyme deficiency or protein intolerance. Watery, explosive stools suggest sugar intolerance, and foul-smelling, greasy, bulky stools suggest fat malabsorption. Marked weight loss suggests malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease, hyperthyroidism or malignancy. The presence of neutrophils or red blood cells in the stool indicates bacterial gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease, while the presence of eosinophils suggests protein intolerance or parasitic infestation. A toddler who is thriving and cheerful despite having diarrhea may have chronic nonspecific diarrhea of childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Hyponatremia in patients with nocturnal enuresis treated with DDAVP.

UNLABELLED: Treatment of nocturnal enuresis with DDAVP is associated with a low incidence of adverse effects. The only reported serious adverse effect is seizure or altered level of consciousness due to water intoxication. We reviewed 14 articles that reported data on serum sodium in patients treated with DDAVP for nocturnal enuresis and 11 articles that reported patients who developed a seizure or altered level of consciousness during treatment with DDAVP for nocturnal enuresis. Excess fluid intake was identified as a contributing factor in 6 of the 11 case reports. CONCLUSION: Hyponatremia is a potential adverse effect in patients with nocturnal enuresis who are treated with DDAVP. To prevent this adverse effect we recommend that the patients prescribed DDAVP for nocturnal enuresis should be counseled not to ingest more than 240 ml (8 ounces) of fluid on any night that DDAVP is administered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Latchkey children.

Children who are regularly left without adult supervision during a significant portion of the day, referred to as 'latchkey children', are a growing social phenomenon. The main reason for the rising prevalence of latchkey children is the increase in dual income and single parent families. Studies on the effects of the latchkey phenomenon report conflicting results. The potential positive consequences include learning to be independent and responsible. The potential negative consequences include loneliness, boredom, fear, academic under-achievement, drug and alcohol abuse, accidental injury, and impairment of the parent-child relationship. Such wide variations in reported consequences in latchkey children might reflect differences in the maturity of the children and in the parent-child relationships prior to entering the latchkey arrangement. Counselling parents about the problems associated with a latchkey arrangement, referring children to an after-school programme, and teaching children self-help skills might minimise the possibility of negative consequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Chest pain in children.

Chest pain is usually a benign symptom in children. The most common identifiable causes are musculoskeletal. Often, no cause can be identified. Cardiac disorders are uncommon causes of chest pain children. Most causes can be diagnosed from history and physical examination. Treatment should be directed at the underlying cause. For idiopathic chest pain, reassurance and regular follow-up examinations are important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a child with nail-patella syndrome.

A 5-year-old girl with nail-patella syndrome had diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Nail-patella syndrome is associated with a glomerulopathy characterized by the presence of fibrillar collagen within the glomerular basement membrane. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome has also been reported in patients with collagen type III glomerulopathy, a disorder also characterized by the presence of fibrillar collagen within the basement membrane. Patients with nail-patella syndrome or with collagen type III glomerulopathy may be predisposed to hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1995

Hyperglycemia in diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

Hyperglycemia is a recognized complication of diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (D + HUS). Hyperglycemia developed in 8 (6.6%) of 121 patients with D + HUS. A literature review revealed a further 11 patients with D + HUS who developed hyperglycemia. The mortality rate in this group of patients is high. Hyperglycemia is more common in patients with D + HUS uremic syndrome who are female, who have an elevated white blood cell count on admission, and who develop anuria or a central nervous system complication.

Amylases↗