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Biomedical subjects

W Löffler

Publications and source records attributed to W Löffler.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Somatosensory evoked potentials in comatose patients: comparison with clinical findings, EEG and prognosis].

21 comatose patients were examined by somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). The findings were correlated with the stage of brainstem herniation, the EEG and the outcome. We evaluated the early components of the SSEP (N10, N13, N14, P15, N20) in view of presence, latency and interpeak-latency of the potentials. In most cases the percentage of abnormal SSEP increased from caudal to rostral registration sites, but the potential P15 and N20 were equally abnormal. The progression of herniation correlated with increasing abnormality of the potentials. SSEP over the scalp (P15, N20) could not be registered in patients without any EEG-activity (isoelectric). Mean values of latencies and the interpeak-latencies were significantly prolonged in all cases with fatal outcome. Our findings suggest SSEP as a useful tool in the evaluation of brain-dysfunction in comatose patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Acute renal failure in an infant with partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.

A three week old boy presented with pneumonia, weight loss, metabolic acidosis and renal failure (serum creatinine 3.1 mg/100 ml, uric acid 11.5 mg/100 ml). Renal biopsy revealed severe crystal nephropathy. Low activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) in erythrocytes and fibroblasts suggested a partial deficiency of the enzyme. A family study proved the mother to be heterozygous and the maternal grandfather to be hemizygous for HPRT deficiency. The grandfather developed gouty nephropathy and uraemia. The propositus was treated with allopurinol and kept on low purine diet and high fluid intake with sodium bicarbonate. Thereafter GFR gradually improved. At the age of two and a half years, growth and psychomotor development were normal, but ultrasound examination still revealed a dense renal parenchyma. Partial HPRT deficiency is a newly recognised treatable form of renal failure in the newborn.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1983

Gout and uric acid nephropathy: some new aspects in diagnosis and treatment.

It has been recognized that primary disorders of uric acid metabolism result from impaired renal excretion or increased endogenous production of uric acid. It has also been found that these two mechanisms do not comprise two distinct syndromes, but may each constitute a group of syndromes. Contrary to earlier as well as currently published reports we conclude from our clinical and experimental experience that the fraction of so-called over-producers is less than 1% of all patients with primary hyperuricaemia and gout. A procedure for the diagnosis of uric acid overproduction is suggested. The manifestation of hyperuricaemia and gout mainly depends on renal uric acid clearance and is greatly influenced by dietary habits in most of the patients. An impaired renal uric acid excretion results in an increased intestinal excretion; this partly compensates for the defect. Normalization of serum uric acid should be achieved by dietary regimens with or without additional drug treatment, but not by drug treatment alone. With drug treatment xanthine oxidase inhibitors are preferable to uricosurics; no other xanthine oxidase inhibitor besides Allopurinol has been in clinical trial, however. Due to the enhancement of uric acid clearance with uricosurics, there are groups of patients who should not be treated with these drugs. Fixed combinations of Allopurinol and uricosurics should not be used. Drugs which have uricosuric as well as other pharmacologic properties are under investigation. So far they have not reached general clinical application.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Uric acid-lowering effect of a combination of benzbromarone and allopurinol--studies under standardized dietary conditions].

The effects of a fixed combination of 100 mg allopurinol and 20 mg benzbromarone (Acifugan) on plasma and urinary uric acid were compared with those of 300 mg allopurinol alone during standardized dietary conditions (purine-free, isoenergetic formula diet with addition of 2 g ribonucleic acid per day). In addition, the components of the fixed combination were given separately. Diet and ribonucleic acid were taken by healthy volunteers for periods of 14 days, drugs were added from day 8 to day 14. Steady state uric acid values before and during drug ingestion were compared intraindividually to calculate drug effects. The fall of plasma uric acid was not significantly different during treatment with 300 mg allopurinol as compared with combined low dose treatment. Renal uric acid excretion was decreased by 56 and 23%, respectively. Comparing combined low dose treatment with the cumulative effects of its constituents it was found that combined treatment was less effective. With combined low dose treatment there is no need to observe prophylactic measures concerning complications at the site of the urinary tract. Compared with monotherapy with 300 mg allopurinol there is no advantage. However, the frequencies of side effects, which are not dose-dependent, will be cumulative with combined treatment, which is probably a major disadvantage. Combined treatment should not be used therefore with the exception of proven inefficiency of monotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Influence of dietary purines on pool size, turnover, and excretion of uric acid during balance conditions. Isotope studies using 15N-uric acid.

Pool size, turnover, and excretion of uric acid were investigated in three normal subjects both during purine-free, isoenergetic liquid formula diet and during additional purine administration by use of isotope dilution techniques. The fractional turnover of the uric acid pool was increased during dietary purine administration suggesting an increased total body uric acid clearance as a result of the increase in renal clearance. Fractional turnover increased more in the female subject than in males, while pool size was increased less. It can be calculated from the results obtained that endogenous uric acid synthesis is not inhibited by dietary purines.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1982

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors unrevealed by CT.

The important contributions of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the diagnosis of brain tumours are demonstrated in this report. In 2 patients, one with a completely normal and the other with a slightly abnormal CT, prominent lesions were detected by NMR and histologically confirmed as astrocytomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Extravascular albumin and water content of the lungs in traumatic-hemorrhagic shock].

Fifteen mongrel dogs are subjected to a standardized traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Plasma albumin, measured by J-125-albumin distribution, decreases to 58% of its original level after trauma and hemorrhage. Lung albumin content increases to 53% of the blood level. Lung water content is studied in vivo using the double indicator technique, post mortem by gravimetric methods. None of these methods shows an augmentation of lung water. The massive albumin loss occurs, particularly in the lungs, due to capillary leakage. The constant pulmonary water content can possibly be explained by early artificial respiration and by the fact that in contrast to clinical situations no infusion therapy was performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Therapeutic effects of HS-3, HS-6, benactyzine, and atropine in soman poisoning of dogs.

Investigations into the therapeutic properties of various combinations of the bispyridinium salts HS-3 and HS-6 and the cholinolytics atropine and benactyzine against soman poisoning in unanesthetized male beagles were performed. In our investigations we observed that: 1. The most effective protection against soman poisoning was attained if both oximes were applied early i.m. 6 min after intoxication together with the cholinolytics. 2. On the basis of clinical symptoms HS-6 proved to have a more intensive therapeutic effect than HS-3 upon early application. 3. If HS-3 was applied early after s.c. intoxication with low concentrations of soman (up to 3 LD50), a significant protection or reactivation effect on serium cholinesterase was measured. 4. When HS-3 was applied at the beginning of convulsions--generally 28 min after s.c. intoxication--it also raised the rate of surviving animals. 5. The maximal blood levels for HS-3 and HS-6 were measured 20-30 min after i.m. injection; the half-life values of HS-3 and HS-6 in plasma were 45-60 min.

Animals↗