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Biomedical subjects

W Lauterbach

Publications and source records attributed to W Lauterbach.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment.

Cognitive-behavioural group treatment is the treatment of choice for social phobia. However, as not all patients benefit, an additional empirically validated psychological treatment would be of value. In addition, few studies have examined whether a group treatment format is more effective than an individual treatment format. A randomized controlled trial addressed these issues by comparing individual cognitive therapy, along the lines advocated by Clark and Wells (Clark, D.M. and Wells, A., 1995. A cognitive model of social phobia. In: R. G. Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D. Hope and F. Schneier (Eds.), Social Phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69-93). New York: Guilford.), with a group version of the treatment and a wait-list control condition. 71 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for social phobia participated in the trial, 65 completed the posttreatment assessment and 59 completed a six-month follow-up. Social phobia measures indicated significant pretreatment to posttreatment improvement in both individual and group cognitive therapy. Individual cognitive therapy was superior to group cognitive therapy on several measures at both posttreatment and follow-up. The effects of treatment on general measures of mood and psychopathology were less substantial than the effects on social phobia. The results suggest that individual cognitive therapy is a specific treatment for social phobia and that it's effectiveness may be diminished by delivery in a group format.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Grandparenthood and multigenerational families: are they a social reality or a demographic myth?].

During the last 20 years, there has been growing literature on the consequences of population aging. Longer life expectancies mean that current cohorts can expect to spend more years as members of a family than was the case 200 years ago. The focus of this paper is on how three lineage generations are affected by the increase of the life expectancy, especially the increase in a multi-generational family and the common life time of the family members. Using event history analysis and the data of the German Socio-economic panel, it is shown, on the basis of different birth cohorts, that both Word Wars and the period after World War II have had profound negative effects on the common life time of grandfathers and their grandchildren. But there has been only a limited influence on the life courses of grandmothers and their grandchildren. One surprising result is that grandparenthood in Germany has developed into a broader phenomenon of the 20th century -- one that arose especially for children born after World War II.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Stimulus avoidance and perceptual adaptation: a vicious cycle paradigm?

Restricting the encountered range of stimuli on a particular stimulus dimension changes a person's perceptual frame of reference, or adaptation level, for such stimuli. The present experiment explores the effect of stimulus avoidance on perceptual adaptation and subsequent avoidance. Results converge with previous findings to indicate that avoidance of danger signals reduces perceptual adaptation level for those signals. In the present experiment, subjects first avoided high-pitched danger-signal tones, thus restricting the range of tone stimuli they encountered, and subsequently overestimated the pitches of low-pitched safety-signal tones. They consequently avoided the low tones as if they were high-pitched danger signals. Perceptual adaptation was evident in subjects' tone pitch ratings only if they had rated the tones throughout their avoidance trials.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Age- and sex-biased underdetection of hypertension in a rural clinic.

A process-of-care audit to assess completeness of hypertension detection among practice users was conducted by a rural family practice. For the two-year period 1983-1984, there were 5,620 practice users, ages 18-74. A cross-sectional study of the frequency of the diagnosis hypertension in these patients was carried out. Age-sex specific rates were calculated and compared to expected rates based on national prevalence estimates. Completeness of detection varied in direct proportion to age, from a low of 7% in the 18-24 group, to a high of 95% in the 65-74 group. For every age group women had a higher detection rate than men. The overall practice detection rate was 71%. Despite a practice emphasis on hypertension, detection appeared incomplete, especially among young men. Possible explanations are infrequent visits by young men, systematic error in blood pressure measurement, and definitional differences between primary care practice and national prevalence studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Situation-response (S-R) questions for identifying the function of problem behaviour: the example of thumb sucking.

The purpose of this study was to construct and validate the prototype of a structured interview or questionnaire for use in the functional assessment of problem behaviour. A set of situation-response (S-R) questions was used to test hypotheses concerning discriminative stimuli SD, inhibitive stimuli (SI) and the function of a problem behaviour (R). The situations in S-R questions include stimuli which are expected (a) to set the occasion for, or (b) to inhibit the problem behaviour. The response part includes the problem behaviour as well as behaviour patterns with known functions. The problem behaviour is correlated with those behaviour patterns whose functions it shares. For the study of 26 children suffering from orthodontal problems due to excessive thumb sucking, a structured interview was developed and validated for identifying (a) stimuli (SD) that trigger excessive thumb sucking (problem behaviour), (b) stimuli (SI) that inhibit this response, and (c) the function of thumb sucking.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

[Proof of complex theories regarding conflicts, neuroses and their therapy, exemplified by Mjasiscew's theory of relations].

Most psycho-dynamic theories emphasize the role of intra-personal conflicts in the aetiology and therapy of neurotic disorders, but very few can be empirically tested. The social psychological and psychodynamic "pathogenetic" theory of the "Leningrad School" of psychotherapy according to Mjasiscew (Lauterbach, 1984) maintains that conflicts between a person's relations with his social, material and cultural environment may be the cause of his neurosis. This theory is used to demonstrate that psychodynamic hypotheses about the role of intra-personal conflicts can be empirically tested with the help of "tests of conflict" (Lauterbach, 1987).

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Will clinical psychology survive in the Soviet Union?

Sovient psychologists who are working in clinics and psychiatric dispensaries call themselves "pathopsychologists," and they are, at present, in a rather difficult position. This paper will attempt to outline the position of clinical psychologists in the Soviet Union (USSR) and the nature of their problems and, also, to give an impression of (1) the tasks of clinical psychologists; (2) their struggle to regain the status of an independent profession; and (3) their struggle to keep clinical psychology an independent science.

Psychology, Clinical↗
PubMed1975

Assessing psychological conflict.

A method was constructed to assess cognitive conflict. It uses a large number of a subject's beliefs and attitudes which may be connected with his personal problems. The subject rates the direction and the degree of these beliefs and attitudes and the proportion of conflict involved in them is then calculated by computer according to a model basically derived from Heider's cognitive balance theory.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1975

Covariation of conflict and mood in depression.

The proportion of conflict involved in the personal problems of neurotic and depressed inpatients was assessed and correlated with the patients' mood over a period of several months. Mood correlated highly with conflict, i.e. when conflict was high, patients felt more depressed, fatigued and tense. Conflicts in the patients' beliefs about themselves also tended to correlate highly with mood, while conflict connected with their attitudes concerning their problems did not. Individual patients seemed to "react" to conflict with different kinds of mood.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in conflict, symptoms, and well-being during psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral alcohol inpatient treatment.

BACKGROUND: According to Grawe's psychological therapy approach, conflict reduction can be expected not only in psychodynamic, but also in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This was tested in an effectiveness study. Changes in cognitive conflicts, along with those of symptom severity and well-being were analyzed during alcohol inpatient treatment. METHODS: Four times during treatment, groups of patients receiving psychodynamic therapy (n = 45 patients) or CBT (n = 49 patients) were measured and compared. Lauterbach's Online Conflict Test was used to measure conflict. Symptom severity and well-being were measured using questionnaires. RESULTS: Results showed significant conflict decrease in both groups with a tendency towards faster reduction under CBT. There was also significant change in symptom severity and well-being in both groups with no difference regarding reduction gradient. Moreover, patients in the psychodynamic treatment group exhibited lower symptom scores at treatment begin which may be a consequence of clinical group assignment. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the findings confirmed Grawe's theoretical assumptions. Generalizability to other diagnostic groups and other clinical settings remains to be tested.

Adult↗