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Biomedical subjects

W Leydhecker

Publications and source records attributed to W Leydhecker.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

The intraocular pressure responses of low-dose bupranolol (Ophtorenin) and methazolamide (Neptazane) in glaucomatous eyes. A controlled clinical study.

In a single-dose, double-blind study, the minimum effective doses of bupranolol and methazolamide were established. The beta-blocker bupranolol (Ophtorenin, Dr. Winzer, Konstanz) in an oily solution reduced IOP significantly in a concentration of 0.05%. The carboanhydrase inhibitor Methazolamide (Neptazane) did not change IOP in a peroral dose of 50 mg, while 100 mg p.o. gave a significant IOP decrease. Both drugs exhibited an additive effect in this low regimen. It is concluded that the combined application of both drugs will postpone or avoid side effects and prolong the time and the field of clinical usefulness. It appears possible that both have a different mechanism of action.

Bupranolol↗
PubMed1979

Simple glaucoma before the age of 30 years.

'Juvenile glaucoma' is a meaningless term which should not be used. Glaucoma in young subjects can be hydrophthalmus, secondary or simple glaucoma. In this paper, early simple glaucoma is described in 15 patients (8 males, 7 females) below the age of 30 years, starting in some subjects already at 8 years of age. Inheritance was dominant in 6 patients. Anticipation could be shown in 2 pedigrees through 4 and 5 generations, respectively. The course of the disease was severe in 8 patients, with intraocular pressures over 40 mm Hg and/or heavy functional loss. There were usually no subjective symptoms. The chamber angles were gonioscopically normal in all patients. Miotics were effective but did not normalize the intraocular pressure. Surgical treatment is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The pressure reducing effects of pilocarpin in combination with Dipivalyl-epinephrine in glaucoma simplex (author's transl)].

We compared in two controlled studies the effect of pilocarpine 1% with the effect of pilocarpine 1% combined with 0,05% or 0,1% dipivalyl-epinephrine in patients with open-angle glaucoma. The pressure reducing effect of pilocarpine 1% was significantly increased and prolonged by the combination with dipivalyl-epinephrine. 0,1% dipivalyl-epinephrine + pilocarpine 1% did not have a more significant pressure reducing effect in our patients than 0,05% dipivalyl-epinephrine + pilocarpine 1%, but the reduction of pressure persisted longer. It is a considerable advantage in glaucoma therapy to diminish or to avoid systemic and local side effects of epinephrine due to very low concentrations of dipivalyl-epinephrine.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1979

[First experiences with a written consent form for patients prior to cataract surgery (author's transl)].

The first experiences with a written consent form signed by patients prior to cataract surgery are presented. Details of possible surgical complications were discussed with the patient. The average time for this type of discussion was 15,6 min (7--30 min). The positive outcome of this study appeared to be that the confidence of the patient towards the surgeon or the hospital did not suffer nor did any patient change his decision to undergo surgery. This was tasted in a questionnaire showed to the patients after the discussion on possible complications. Some patients stated that they preferred enlightment on the day before surgery, whereas others would have preferred to have the written consent form sent home some days before surgery to have chance to discuss the problems with their relatives.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1978

[Molsidomin and intraocular pressure. No effect in healthy subjects and in glaucoma patients].

Molsidomine is a new agent in coronary therapy. It does not influence the intra-ocular pressure in healthy volunteers or in glaucoma patients. This was tested in double-blind studies in short trials and in a long term study of 3 months. The outflow facility or the visual fields were also unchanged. These results correspond closely to those obtained previously with other coronary therapeutics. Molsidomine is not dangerous for glaucoma patients.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1978

The vascular basis of the positional influence of the intraocular pressure.

By measuring intraocular pressure in different body positions from 60 degrees semiupright to 30 degrees head down, a nonlinear relationship between IOP increase and body position was confirmed. IOP postural response in individual subjects was roughly correlated to ophthalmic arterial pressure and to the episcleral venous pressure postural response. In one series of subjects, the episcleral venous pressure increments due to posture wa; parallel to the applanation-indentation disparity in the same individual eyes. Differential tonometry with applanation or indentation procedures under blind conditions gave significantly low indentation readings. It is concluded that IOP postural response depends on arterial and venous vascular changes when subjects move from an erect to a horizontal body position. Blood expulsion from the choroid by indentation tonometry might be the reason that this tonometric procedure does not measure IOP changes based on vascular changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The dose-response relationships of dipivalyl epinephrine in open-angle glaucoma.

The intraocular pressure responses of topically applied dipivalyl epinephrine (DPE: 0.025, 0.1, and 0.25%) were investigated in three series of open angle glaucoma patients in a double blind study. IOP responses were compared intra-individually with the effects of 1% epinephrine hydrochloride. 0.1% DPE gave an IOP reduction similar to that of 1% epinephrine-HCl. The change in IOP was less with 0.025% DPE and statistically significantly greater with 0.25% DPE when compared with the conventional epinephrine preparation. The clinical advantages of the 'pro drug' DPE are pointed out.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1978

The peripheral and central neural actions of clonidine in normal and glaucomatous eyes.

The peripheral and central neural actions of clonidine on normal and glaucomatous eyes have been investigated. Threshold doses of clonidine applied topically induced a monotonic decrease of intraocular pressure in the treated eye and had no effect on the contralateral eye. With increased clonidine dose, a decrease of intraocular pressure occurred in the untreated eye, and there was a concomitant decrease of systemic arterial blood pressure. Analysis of aqueous humor dynamics showed that the ocular response to the peripheral and the central neural actions of clonidine were without effect on the tonographic coefficient of outflow facility. The episcleral venous pressure decreased in both the treated and the untreated eyes, but the changes were too small to account for the observed decrease of intraocular pressure. The results are consistent with the concept that both the peripheral and central ocular hypotensive actions of clonidine are mediated by an inhibition of adrenergic neurogenic vasoconstriction in the eye.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1978

[The effect of low concentrations of pilocarpine with phenylephrine on intraocular pressure in glaucoma (author's transl)].

Orientating preliminary trials showed that the reducing action of pilocarpine on intraocular pressure is considerably enhanced by adding the alpha-receptor stimulant phenylephrine. Pilocarpine eyedrops 1% and pilocarpine drops 1% with phenylephrine 0.25% were compared in two double-blind crossover studies. Pressure reduction was more pronounced after administering the combination, the width of the pupil remaining unchanged. Attention is drawn to the advantages of pressure reduction without narrowing of the pupils in the treatment of all types of open-angle glaucoma. Miosis is of therapeutical advantage only in angle-closure glaucoma; hence, for reasons of safety, administration of phenylephrine should be avoided.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

[Indications and limitations of fibrinolytic therapy for central artery occlusion (author's transl)].

Fibrinolytic therapy was started 90 min after central retinal occlusion in a 62-year-old male patient, but the retinal function did not recover. Another patient, aged 64 years, with occlusion of a retinal artery branch, had therapy started only 6 hours after the event and showed full recovery as was documented by angiography. General contraindications against fibrinolytic therapy are: hypertension over 200 mm Hg, arteriosclerosis, diabetes with retinal changes, previous cerebral insults, malignancy or ulcer, hepatocirrhosis, recent surgical or angiographic interventions, renal insufficiency, pregnancy, cogenital or acquired abnormal blood coagulation. If these contraindications do not apply, fibrinolytic therapy of central retinal arterial obstruction is recommended provided this therapy can be started not later than 6 hours after the event. Occlusions of the central retinal vein should have fibrinolytic therapy only if there are very few haemorrhages and if the occlusion is not older than 24 hours.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Experimental investigations on the mode of action of alcoholic liquor on the intra-ocular pressure (author's transl)].

The reasons for the decrease of intraocular pressure after drinking of alcohol were examined. The dose of alcohol was 2 ml 38% Weinbrand per kg body weight, which corresponds to 53 ml pure alcohol for a person of 70 kg body weight. The tonographic data gave no correlation between the blood-alcohol level and the changes of intraocular pressure. The antidiuretic hormon also had no correlation to the intraocular pressure changes. Tonometry with the same frequency as in this study but without alcohol showed no alteration of intraocular pressure. It is suggested that alcohol acts probably by a decrease of secretion of aqueous humour by central actions.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1978

[Acupuncture in glaucoma (author's transl)].

Following the principles of classical Chinese acupuncture we treated 18 patients suffering from glaucoma chronicum simplex. We did not see any significant alterations of intraocular pressure whereas we attained improvement of recovery in some functional diseases such as blepharospasm or migraine. In our opinion therapeutic acupuncture works as a masked suggestive therapy. It is useless in organic diseases of the eye.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1977

The intraocular pressure response of glaucomatous eyes to topically applied bupranolol. A pilot study.

Bupranolol 0.5% oily solution applied topically lowered intraocular pressure of glaucomatous eyes significantly. The pressure decrease is related to pretreatment pressure levels. The maximum effect occurred within 4 hours and lasted for more than 24 hours. No objective or subjective irritation could be attributed to the ophthalmic preparation. There was no significant effect on outflow facility, on blood pressure or tear flow. However, bupranolol produces local anesthesia on the eye. The problem of tachyphylaxis is discussed in the treatment of glaucoma with bupranolol eye drops.

Administration, Topical↗