Combined mitral stenosis and coronary artery disease: a clinical syndrome characterized by paroxysmal pulmonary edema with rapid resolution.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Likoff.
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Major risk factors for coronary heart disease include hypertension, high serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and cigarette smoking. Minor risk factors include glucose intolerance, electrocardiographic changes, and personality type. Often the initial manifestation is angina pectoris. To prevent coronary heart disease, physicians need to know the answers to the following questions: (1) In which person will coronary heart disease develop, and when? (2) What is the cause? (3) What major and minor causative factors can be modified? (4) How can these modifications be achieved in a free-living, working, well population? (5) What is the earliest manifestation of coronary atherosclerosis? (6) What special diagnostic procedures are useful in coronary heart disease? These subjects are examined briefly.
Nitroglycerin should be the first agent prescribed for patients with angina pectoris. When nitroglycerin is used daily, a trial with longer-acting nitrates (eg, isosorbide dinitrate) is warranted. If angina persists, use of beta-adrenergic blocking agent (propranolol) should be considered. Appropriate use of nitrates and propranolol, singly or in combination, will relieve angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease in most patients.
It is our practice to suggest coronary arteriography for patients with impending myocardial infarction who respond poorly to medical managemnt. Aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass surgery is advised for patients with unstable angina and left main coronary disease. Surgery is not advised for patients with minimal irregularities of the coronary arteries (less than 50% obstruction). Rarely is surgery advised for patients with the syndrome of impending myocardial infarction in whom only the right coronary artery or the left circumflex artery is obstructed. Bypass surgery should be seriously considered for patients with unstable angina and hemodynamically significant disease involving the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (proximal to the first septal perforating branch). On the basis of symptomatic improvement alone, surgically treated patients with the syndrome of impending myocardial infarction seem to fare better than do those treated medically.
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