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Biomedical subjects

W Lo

Publications and source records attributed to W Lo.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Biotin transport in the rat central nervous system.

Previous studies in the biotin-deficient rat have shown that brain biotin concentrations and the activity of biotin-dependent carboxylases are relatively preserved in the face of biotin starvation and systemic biotin deficiency. These data suggested the existence of a concentration mechanism for biotin in brain, and the present studies were undertaken to further characterize brain biotin transport. We presently show that rat cerebrospinal fluid biotin concentrations are 2.5 times higher than serum concentrations, consistent with the existence of a concentrative mechanism for biotin. Further, we demonstrate uptake of 3H-biotin into rat brain from blood at physiologic biotin concentrations, using single pass clearance measurements of a brain uptake index. The calculated brain uptake indices for biotin, and the inhibition kinetics, are consistent with the possible existence of a low affinity mediated uptake mechanism. The results have implications for the pathophysiology of human biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Severe anemia is an important negative predictor for survival with disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is usually unresponsive to antimycobacterial therapy. We examined clinical and laboratory characteristics of MAI organisms and their relationship to the length of survival. We studied factors influencing survival and compared these in 76 patients with AIDS with and without MAI. Serum levels of p24 antigen and erythropoietin, and CD4-positive helper T-lymphocytes in blood were assessed in 36 additional patients with various clinical stages of HIV infection. In patients with MAI infection, survival was significantly related only to total lymphocyte count, hematocrit, platelet count, and sex. Of these, hematocrit and total lymphocyte count were the only linear predictors of survival. Anemia was significantly more profound in patients with AIDS and MAI than in the other patients. This anemia in patients with MAI could not be ascribed to increased peripheral destruction of red cells, deficient nutritional factors, or erythropoietin production, HIV viral or bacterial load, or a general effect on other blood elements such as neutrophils or platelets. The influence of MAI on survival in patients with AIDS did depend upon whether the MAI occurred as an index infection or was preceded by other opportunistic infections. Patients with other preceding opportunistic infection lived for a much shorter duration from the time of diagnosis of MAI.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Febrile seizures: current concepts concerning prognosis and clinical management.

Febrile seizures are a common problem in young children. Most febrile seizures are benign in nature, although a small percentage of children may develop recurring febrile seizures or afebrile seizures. The approach to the management of this disorder varies widely from specialty to specialty despite the recent publication of studies that provide for rational treatment of febrile seizures. Most children do not need any treatment after a first simple febrile seizure. In certain children who are at risk for recurrent febrile seizures, rectal anticonvulsants should be considered for acute, short-term management. Long-term anticonvulsants should be reserved for patients who are unable to use rectal anticonvulsants or who have significant risk factors for the development of afebrile seizures.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1984

Curious neurologic sequelae in galactosemia.

Two siblings with classic transferase deficiency galactosemia that was detected at birth have been treated with lactose restriction since the neonatal period. Both patients developed a unique and progressive neurologic syndrome of mental retardation, tremor, and ataxia. Careful review of the family history and medical records, the absence of metabolic disturbances other than those related to galactosemia, and the aggregate physical findings and neurodiagnostic studies ruled out other neurologic disorders in these siblings. It is therefore proposed that these patients represent a subgroup of transferase-deficient galactosemic patients, who develop characteristic neurologic sequelae with conventional dietary management. The existence of this subgroup should be considered in evaluations of therapeutic responses in cohorts of patients with galactosemia. Further, galactosemia should be included in the differential diagnosis of tremor and ataxia in the setting of mental retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Limitations of ultrasound in detecting cerebral ischemic lesions in the neonate.

Ultrasound scans of three newborn infants with cerebral ischemic lesions demonstrated on computed tomographic scan showed unexpected changes in echogenicity of brain parenchyma in addition to lateralized mass effect. Areas of increased echogenicity were present adjacent to regions of infarction identified on computed tomographic scan. The findings suggest that caution should be exercised in the interpretation of echo-dense areas in unusual locations for hemorrhage in infants at risk for cerebral ischemic lesions.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗