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Biomedical subjects

W M Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to W M Bauer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Mesalamine for prophylaxis of small bowel Crohn's disease recurrence.

Mesalamine has been studied extensively as a therapeutic option in patients with Crohn's disease. Endoscopic follow-up of patients resected for ileal Crohn's disease has shown that, in the absence of treatment, postoperative recurrence occurs in approximately 70% to 90% of patients within 1 year of the operation. Recurrence requires further surgical intervention in approximately half of patients within 10 years. Therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing recurrence are essential to the management of patients with Crohn's disease. This article offers a critical evaluation of results from clinical studies of mesalamine for prevention of recurrence in small bowel Crohn's disease.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1999

Can colectomy cure immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with ulcerative colitis?

The association between ulcerative colitis (UC) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been suggested by sporadic case reports. Prior reports have focused on the role of medical therapy and/or splenectomy for control of concurrent ITP and UC. We report a case of a patient with UC and ITP who was poorly controlled on maximal medical therapy for these two disorders and underwent a colectomy that cured both diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of plain and Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR-imaging in children.

40 children and adolescents (aged 1-16 years) were examined by MRI at 1.0 T. Gd-DTPA was given intravenously at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight. In all cases T1-weighted SE sequences were used to demonstrate contrast enhancement. No adverse effects were seen. 30 patients had one or more lesions; in 20 patients contrast enhancement was seen. In 4 cases lesions were not observed by plain MRI and could only be detected after Gd-DTPA. In addition, contrast enhancement provided additional information about the differentiation of lesion from edema or necrosis in 13 patients. Normal brain matter did not show any changes in signal intensity. However, an age-dependent signal increase was found in the normal vertebral bone marrow in all children. Gd-DTPA should be used as a supplementary examination whenever a tumor or an infectious disease of the CNS is suspected and plain MRI is normal, or when origin and extent of a lesion cannot be adequately defined with plain MRI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[3D-MR-angiography using Gd-DTPA].

Projection angiograms similar to DSA can be obtained via 3D-gradient echo techniques by subtraction of data sets acquired before and after the intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA (0.1-0.2 mmol/kg body weight). As Gd-DTPA does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, image subtraction results in complete cancellation of non vascular tissue. In organs without blood-brain barrier Gd-DTPA induced signal enhancement results in modest background superposition of vascular anatomy. With Gd-DTPA angiography vessels are imaged favouring the venous system because of the more constant flow velocity and the lack of ECG synchronization. Gd-DTPA angiography results in high signal-to-noise angiograms and can even be performed with MR imagers which do not meet the hardware requirements for angiography based on flow compensated gradients.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1990

Functional and morphological findings in early and advanced stages of HIV infection: a comparison of 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT with CT and MRI studies.

In forty patients at early and advanced stages of HIV infection (Walter Reed stages I-IV) regional cerebral blood flow was determined by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT, comparing the results with CT and MRI findings. All patients with HIV encephalopathy (AIDS dementia complex) had pathologic SPECT results (multilocular, patchy uptake defects), but also in earlier and even earliest stages of HIV infection positive SPECT findings were observed. Compared to functional SPECT imaging, morphologically orientated methods (CT, MRI) were insensitive in detecting HIV-induced foci: more than 50% of the patients with pathologic SPECT findings had negative CT or MRI scans. Most patients in advanced Walter Reed stages had neurological abnormalities accompanied by positive SPECT. Subtle alterations of HMPAO uptake were observed even in a few cases of early HIV infection without neurological CNS symptoms. The data presented suggest that HMPAO SPECT is highly sensitive in the detection of altered brain perfusion not only in advanced but also early stages of HIV infection. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow are present before noticeable structural defects may be observed. Thus, it is suggested to use HMPAO SPECT in the evaluation and monitoring of patients with, and particularly at risk for, HIV encephalopathy.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1989

[The value of magnetic resonance tomography during radiotherapy of childhood tumors in the posterior fossa and the pineal region].

MRT is a highly sensitive method for the diagnosis of childhood tumours in the posterior fossa. Since it demonstrates tumour extent better than does CT, MRT is the method of choice for radiotherapy planning. The result of treatment can be judged morphologically and by measuring relaxation times. Changes due to treatment can be recognised more easily than by CT. A disadvantage of MRT is lack of specificity, since various processes may lead to an equal increase in T1 and T2 times.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Nuclear magnetic resonance tomographic appearance of disseminated encephalomyelitis in relation to clinical diagnosis].

The MRI findings in 149 patients with a clinical diagnosis of disseminated encephalomyelitis (D.E.) were related to the diagnostic criteria of McAlpine (definite, probable, possible). The most common pattern in all three groups was a mixed peri- and para-ventricular distribution of foci. The findings in 'possible' D.E., compared with 'definite' D.E., showed fewer confluent lesions, but were characterised by peri- and para-ventricular as well as solitary foci. The results of the present study permit better classification and evaluation of the MRI findings if the clinical diagnosis of D.E. is only suspected (probable or possible).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Angiographically confirmed vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: does the quantity of the primary diagnostic contrast medium modify the incidence of vasospasm?].

Prognosis after subarachnoid haemorrhage secondary to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm is greatly influenced by arterial vasospasm. In 50 patients the influence of the amount of subarachnoid blood detected by CT and the amount of the nonionic contrast medium on the postoperative vasospasm and the outcome of the patient were investigated. For angiographically proven vasospasm, a grading system is suggested. There was a good correlation between the extent of the haemorrhage and the development of cerebral vasospasm. If used within limits, the volume of the contrast medium does not seem to exercise any influence on the development of vasospasm and on the results after treatment. Therefore, a complete investigation of the cerebral vascular system should be performed before surgical management of the ruptured cerebral aneurysm is initiated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical use of gradient echo sequences of longer repetition times].

Studies designed to optimise image contrasts of gradient echo sequences showed, that especially repetition times between 250 and 500 ms in combination with adequate echo times and flip angles provide new image contrasts. The clinical purpose of gradient echo sequences with longer TR was systematically evaluated in 450 patients. A major advantage of GE sequences was the low signal intensity of fat and bone tissue. On the other hand different pathologic changes showed a high signal intensity in comparison to T2 weighted spin echo sequences as well. With the possibility of multiple slices GE sequences were of outstanding diagnostic value especially in MR of soft tissue and of the musculoskeletal system. T2 weighted SE sequences provided no additional informations and could therefore be omitted in a great number of examinations.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Indications for the use of Gd-DTPA in MRI of the central nervous system. Experiences in patients with cerebral and spinal diseases.

A total of 209 intracranial and spinal diseases were evaluated before and after administration of the paramagnetic contrast agent Gd-DTPA. The results justify the use of Gd-DTPA in intracranial and spinal tumors for better visualization of location and extent of a lesion and for better tissue differentiation. In inflammatory diseases Gd-DTPA allows the differentiation between active and chronic lesions.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

[Magnetic resonance imaging in craniopharyngiomas. The differential diagnosis of cystic intra- and suprasellar space-occupying lesions].

Seven patients with confirmed craniopharyngiomas were examined via magnetic resonance imaging. The various tumour components (whether solid, cystic or calcified) were evaluated separately. Three types of cysts were observed that can be distinguished by their signal intensity in various pulse sequences. This could be explained largely by an analysis of the T1 and T2 image contrast. The reason for the various types of cysts is determined by their cholesterol content. MR imaging is not as useful as CT for demonstrating the solid and calcified portions of the tumour and this reduces its value in diagnosing the type of tumour. Against that, it is superior with regard to separating the tumour from its neighbouring structures. The differential diagnosis, which must be considered in using MR, is summarised in a table at the end of the paper.

Craniopharyngioma↗
PubMed1984

[Differential diagnostic problem of distinguishing pulmonary infiltrates following bleomycin therapy from metastases].

Sixty patients with malignant testicular tumours were treated with bleomycin according to the Einhorn regime. Following treatment, pulmonary infiltrates were seen on the chest x-ray of three patients and the CT of six patients. Altogether 24 infiltrates resembling metastases were seen in five patients. Five round foci were combined with infiltrates in other parts of the lung. Regression of the infiltrates after stopping bleomycin, negative tumour markers, the timing of the development of the infiltrates and the regression of the infiltrates in three patients without treatment make it extremely unlikely that the appearances were due to metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Computer tomography evaluation of tumor-induced bladder wall changes].

25 patients in whom a carcinoma of the urinary bladder had been confirmed, were examined preoperatively by means of computerised tomography, and the local size of the tumour was determined. These findings were compared postoperatively with the histopathological staging. The degree of tumour spread was verified exclusively via cystectomy. CT does not yield very relevant data in respect of the therapeutically important differentiation of the low tumour stages. However, CT is very well suited in the diagnosis of tumours which have penetrated the bladder wall; however, diagnostic relevance in respect of organ infiltration can be definitely limited by the overlapping of other organs.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗