Biomedical subjects

W M Chadduck

Publications and source records attributed to W M Chadduck.

96 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Megachoroid as a cause of isolated ventricle syndrome.

Recent sonographic studies have demonstrated enlarged choroid plexuses to be an abnormality associated with myelomeningocele. We report a patient with hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele who had huge bilateral enlargement of the choroid plexuses which were large enough to occlude the foramen of Monro of the shunted and collapsed ventricle. It produced an isolated ventricle syndrome leading to the need for bilateral ventriculoperitoneal shunts.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR findings in childhood gangliogliomas.

Gangliogliomas are uncommon primary brain tumors composed of atypical glial and neuronal cells. These tumors usually occur in children and young adults. They are slow-growing tumors that present with seizures. We have reviewed four cases from our institution and have correlated the magnetic resonance (MR) findings with CT and histology. Two distinct patterns were observed with MR. In three of four patients, ranging in age from 7 to 14 years, MR showed a mass with decreased signal on T1-weighted images (WI) and increased signal on T2WI. The most common CT finding was a hypodense enhancing mass with focal calcifications. The histologic features of these tumors comprised microcysts and hypervascularity. In one of four patients, an infant. MR showed increased signal on T1WI and decreased signal on T2WI. Computed tomography showed a hyperdense nonenhancing mass. Histology demonstrated an increase of hypercellularity with both atypical glial and neuronal components.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Repair of compound-depressed skull fractures in children with replacement of bone fragments.

A retrospective study of 31 consecutive cases of compound-depressed skull fractures treated by bone fragment replacement between October 1983 and August 1990 was performed. Epidemiology, clinical features, therapy, and outcome were examined and compared with previous series. A protocol is presented for bone fragment treatment intraoperatively and use of intravenous antibiotics (nafcillin and Claforan) perioperatively, despite the degree of wound contamination or dural violation. Of the 31 cases, 15 had dural lacerations with 4 of these requiring patching with pericranium. The degree of wound contamination varied, with only 8 cases considered clean. The average age of patients treated was 8.6 years. At follow-up (average of 26.5 months), all patients had solid bone fusions and well-healed wounds. There were no instances of wound infection or osteomyelitis. No patient required subsequent cranioplasty. It is proposed that bone fragment removal for compound-depressed skull fractures, regardless of the degree of contamination, the presence of dural laceration, or the degree of intracerebral injury, is not necessary and that bone fragment replacement avoids a second operation for cranioplasty.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital aneurysmal hemorrhage and astrocytoma in an infant.

The authors present the unusual case of an infant who presented at 4 weeks of age with a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage due to rupture of a congenital left middle cerebral artery aneurysm. He recovered only to present at 4 months of age with a right frontoparietal desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy. The association of brain tumor and aneurysm is discussed, as are the cytogenetic findings associated with this rare form of benign astrocytoma.

Astrocytoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytogenetic studies of pediatric brain and spinal cord tumors.

Seventy pediatric patients with brain and spinal cord tumors had cytogenetic analysis of 99 samples of their tumors. Successful analysis was accomplished in 95%. Tumors included 43 gliomas, 9 medulloblastomas and a variety of other lesions. Forty-three patients had normal chromosomes; 28 of these had benign tumors and good outcomes. Of 11 patients with malignant tumors and normal chromosomes, 8 have no disease or stable disease during the period of follow-up. Outcomes of the 23 patients with abnormal chromosomes were poor; 17 had malignant pathology. Six patients with 'benign' disease and abnormal chromosomes died or have progressive disease. A relationship between outcome and pathologic diagnosis is often enhanced by cytogenetic findings. The study indicated specific chromosome abnormalities in certain pediatric brain tumors, such as chromosome 1 abnormalities in gliomas and isochromosome 17 abnormalities in medulloblastomas. It is recommended that cytogenetic studied be included in cooperative therapeutic trials. The clastogenic effects of treatment on the cytogenetic characteristics of tumors sequentially studied were demonstrated, as was the role of sampling variations. Attention to the treatment history of tumor samples, as well as evaluation of multiple samples from each tumor, may improve the reliability of cytogenetic studies.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dermoid in the filum terminale of a newborn with myelomeningocele.

Delayed occurrence of dermoid and epidermoid tumors after myelomeningocele closure has been reported in 16% of patients. Inclusion of cutaneous remnants at the time of surgical closure of the myelomeningocele has been accepted as the most common cause for the development of these intraspinal lesions. The finding of dermal elements (congenital dermoid) within the filum terminale of a newborn with myelomeningocele offers evidence of another mechanism for the delayed occurrence of these tumors in patients with myelomeningocele.

Cauda Equina↗