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W M Grove

Publications and source records attributed to W M Grove.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Assessment of reliability in multicenter collaborative research with a videotape approach.

The authors, as part of the ongoing NIMH Collaborative Study on the Psychobiology of Depression, used an analysis of variance design and videotaped interviews to explore the effects of sources of variance on the reliability of the measures being used by the NIMH study. In spite of substantial differences among interviewers in background or orientation, the authors found that diagnoses and symptom ratings were made with a high level of reliability. These results suggest that the use of structured interviews and diagnostic criteria, when combined with a careful and systematic training program, can lead to good levels of diagnostic reliability.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1981

Reliability of lifetime diagnosis. A multicenter collaborative perspective.

It is important to determine the reliability of lifetime diagnosis in a nonpatient population, for this type of diagnostic data and this type of sample are used in many genetic, epidemiological, and nosological studies. We examined the reliability of lifetime diagnosis when the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version and Research Diagnostic Criteria were used to interview ill and well relatives of probands in the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study of the Psychobiology of Depression. Subjects were interviewed three times, so data are available concerning both short- and long-interval test-retest reliability. Short-interval test-retest reliability was excellent for both diagnoses and symptoms. Reliability was also quite high in the long-interval test-retest study. We conclude that it is possible to make lifetime diagnoses reliably in a nonpatient population.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1981

Reliability studies of psychiatric diagnosis. Theory and practice.

The existing literature on the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis falls into two periods, the earlier reporting low reliability and the latter reporting much higher figures. The reasons for this trend are examined in the context of a discussion of the design of diagnostic reliability studies. The problems of research design and execution in studies of diagnostic reliability are reviewed, and statistical problems are examined. Solutions to many of these problems ae suggested, including recommendations of appropriate reliability coefficients and data analyses.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Test-retest reliability of assessing psychiatrically ill patients in a multi-center design.

In a test-retest reliability study involving 25 psychiatric patients and 5 professional raters we demonstrate that research clinicians from collaborating institutions are able to achieve good reliability for most areas of the SADS and RDC when assessing psychiatrically ill patients under interview conditions that provide even less data than ideally obtained in the practice of clinical research. We expect greater reliability in the actual use of the SADS/RDC on most items and diagnoses since the SADS is intended to be used in conjunction with information obtained from relatives, friends, and treatment staff to confirm and clarify the judgements made by the raters on the patient interviews. Moreover, we are reassured that the diagnosis of schizo-affective disorders and schizophrenia is protected from the item unreliability found with specific delusions and hallucinations. Similarly, the difficulties in determining the episodic and chronic nature of the present episode does not substantially interfere with making an RDC diagnosis of the current condition. A complex diagnostic interview system such as the SADS and RDC requires multiple complementary techniques to determine reliability. We find that establishing explicit procedures for raters to discuss and categorize the reasons for their disagreements on individual items and diagnoses provides valuable data for understanding reliability problems. This has helped us to identify specific areas of the interview and criteria that require further clarification and more intensive rater training to improve ratings made by interviewers.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1980

Development of alcoholism in adoptees raised apart from alcoholic biologic relatives.

Male adoptees raised apart from alcoholic biologic parents were followed up and compared with adoptees of nonalcoholic biologic parents. Significant associations were found between adoptee alcoholism and an alcoholic biologic background and between childhood conduct disorder and the development of alcoholism as an adult. None of the environmental factors--psychiatric or alcohol problems in adoptive family, socioeconomic status of the adoptive family, or exposure to discontinuous mothering as an infant--predicted adoptee alcoholism. These findings suggest the importance of a genetic factor in alcoholism and are in accord with previous work that failed to show an independent effect of an alcoholic environment in development of adoptee alcoholism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary and secondary affective disorders: baseline characteristics of unipolar patients.

We studied 569 patients with RDC non-bipolar major depressive disorder from the clinical portion of the NIMH Program on the Psychobiology of Depression. Primary (n = 327; never had a non-affective disorder), secondary (n = 191; had a non-affective disorder before ever having a major depressive episode), and "complicated' (n = 51; had at least one depressive episode before and another since developing a non-affective condition) patients were compared on demographic variables, past episodes of depression, past treatments received, and symptoms seen in the index episode. For most characteristics, the groups fell in the order primary, secondary, complicated, such that complicated cases had the earliest onset, the longest duration and the greatest severity in the index episode. These data do not discriminate between two hypotheses: that secondary and complicated depressions are basically depressions which happen to occur in a non-affectively ill person, or that they are different disorders which are distinguished clinically by characteristics related to severity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bipolar versus unipolar and primary versus secondary affective disorder: which diagnosis takes precedence?

The primary versus secondary distinction is often used as a way of subtyping depression. Its applicability to bipolar disorders has been unclear. This report examines the relative primacy of the bipolar versus unipolar distinction as compared to the primary versus secondary distinction in a sample of 955 patients in the NIMH Collaborative Study of the Psychobiology of Depression. These patients are divided into nine groups of the basis of whether they are bipolar I, bipolar II, or unipolar, and whether they are primary, 'pure' secondary, or 'complicated' secondary (i.e. bipolar I primary, bipolar I pure secondary, bipolar I complicated, etc.). Three sets of variables are used to determine the predictive validity of these various subtypes: data concerning age of onset and phenomenology of current episode, outcome, and familial prevalence. In general, data from these three sets of validators suggest that the bipolar distinction takes precedence over the primary versus secondary distinction. Within bipolars, there is little value in further subtyping into primary versus secondary.

Adult↗