Biomedical subjects

W M Lyle

Publications and source records attributed to W M Lyle.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1977

Potential systemic side effects of six common ophthalmic drugs.

Drugs applied topically on the eye are partly absorbed into the eye (possibly 2 to 10%), the remainder can enter the systemic circulation through the conjuctival vessels or from the vessles of the nasolacrimal passages. Drug molecules which enter the stomach and are not transformed into inactive compounds may also enter the blood stream. Systemic reactions to topically applied ophthalmic drugs are shown to be rare and largely preventable.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

The unwanted ocular effects from topical ophthalmic drugs. Their occurrence, avoidance and reversal.

Unwanted effects may occur when drugs are applied topically on the eye or when they are administered by other routes. The unwanted effects may be ocular, systemic or both. This paper discusses unwanted ocular effects which may arise when certain optometric drugs are applied directly on the eye. Among the effects described are allergic reactions, infections, pigmentary changes, and the production of aqueous "floaters." Changes in intraocular pressure and appropriate first aid measures to counter an acute rise in IOP are also discussed. Not discussed are the adverse ocular effects which are associated with topical application of the potent anticholinesterases nor those which can arise when certain drugs e.g. corticosteroids are applied to the eye for therapeutic purposes.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗

PubMed1977

Drugs prescribed for the elderly.

The elderly constitute an increasing fraction of the population. Their lengthy exposure to the hazards of life makes them more likely to be suffering from chronic conditions as well as the inevitable effects of age itself. Many are receiving or have received prolonged courses of treatment by one or more drugs. This report summarizes the common medications and the typical doses which were being administered to 833 patients of whom all but 79 were age 65 or over.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

Adverse effects of the drugs most frequently administered to the elderly--Part II.

The uncertainties associated with identificatin of adverse drug reactions are numerous. These effects which involve the eyes and vision constitute an important group but they are inadequately described and classified in most reports. Vague statements of visual disturbances, blur, changes in color vision, or difficulties in reading are indicated in many articles. Both parts of this report provide a listing of potential adverse effects, systemic and ocular. The drug groups included in part II are the antipsychotics, antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, antiparkinson drug and a miscellaneous group.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

A literature survey of the potentially adverse effects of the drugs commonly prescribed for the elderly.

Part I: Hard data concerning adverse drug reactions are notoriously difficult to obtain. Some of the problems arise because of: --patient variables including age, sex, genetic differences, and current illness. --multiple drug use, continuation of smoking, and use of alcohol. --variations in dose, duration of treatment, and route of administration. --some effects are not reported but many reported effects are not truly due to the drug indicated. Nevertheless, we need to be aware of potential adverse reactions. Our ability to recognize drug side effects will be improved if we have some idea which kinds of reaction may occur. Part I deals with the analgesics, sedatives, laxatives, antacids, antidiabetic agents, antihypertensives and cardiovascular drugs. Potential systemic and ocular adverse reactions are listed.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

Possible adverse effects from local anesthetics and the treatment of these reactions.

Adverse drug reactions are potentially serious and are becoming increasingly common. Although optometrists employ only a limited spectrum of drugs they may encounter such reactions among their patients. There is always a risk that a life threatening situation will develop in a pateint quite apart from the use of any drugs. An optometrist as a member of the health-care team must be competent to provide first-aid if an emergency occurs. Tables are provided listing possible reactions to topical anesthetics with the usual signs and the preferred treatment. Optometrists are reminded that many of these treatments are the responsibility of physicians. Optometrists should be prepared to provide artificial respiration and external cardiac massage and should plan in advance how they will obtain additional assistance if an emergency occurs in their office.

Affective Symptoms↗

PubMed1972