PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W M Reynolds

Publications and source records attributed to W M Reynolds.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Measuring depression in children: a multimethod assessment investigation.

The present investigation examined measures for the assessment of depressive symptomatology in children, as well as two related constructs (self-esteem and anxiety). The sample consisted of 166 elementary school children from grades 3 through 6. Two self-report depression measures, the Children's Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1979) and the Child Depression Scale (Reynolds, in press), as well as anxiety and self-esteem scales, were completed by the children. Parents (mothers and fathers) evaluated their children on the depression and anxiety scales from the Personality Inventory for Children (Wirt, Lachar, Klinedinst, & Seat, 1977), and teachers provided global ratings of depression and academic performance. The results support the reliability and validity of both self-report children depression measures. Data obtained on the parent report measure do not recommend its use at this time for assessing depression in children, while results on teachers' global ratings of depression provide some evidence that teachers may be a good source of information regarding depression in children.

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

Depression and learned helplessness in mentally retarded and nonmentally retarded adolescents: an initial investigation.

Depression and learned helplessness were examined in a sample of 26 educably mentally retarded (EMR) adolescents and a matched (on age, sex, and race) group of 26 nonmentally retarded adolescents. Depression and learned helplessness were assessed using the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS) and Mastery Orientation Inventory (MOI), respectively. Results indicated that EMR adolescents manifested significantly (p less than .001) greater depressive symptomatology than their nonmentally retarded peers. Sex differences were also found, with females demonstrating greater depression scores in both groups. Analysis of severity of symptom endorsement showed significant group differences on items reflecting somatic, self-evaluative, and behavioral components of depression, with mentally retarded subjects demonstrating higher scores. Mentally retarded adolescents were found to score higher (p less than .001) on the learned helplessness measure than nonmentally retarded adolescents. Given the problematic nature of depression noted in large sample epidemiological studies of nonmentally retarded adolescents, the results of this investigation indicate that depression in EMR adolescents is an affective characteristic in need of further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Factorial validity and reliability of the Devereux Elementary School Behavior Rating Scale.

The factorial validity and internal consistency reliability of the Devereux Elementary School Behavior Rating Scale was examined using a random sample of elementary-school children in grades 1 through 6. Teacher ratings of subjects' classroom behaviors on the Devereux approximated ratings obtained by the standardization sample. Internal consistency (coefficient alpha) reliability coefficients of the 11 Devereux subscales were found to be quite adequate, ranging form .80 to .93. Intercorrelations among Devereux subscales were moderate to high. A principal factor analysis of the 11 subscales produced two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.0. which cumulatively accounted for 70.2% of the total variance. When rotated via an orthogonal (Varimax) solution, the two resultant factors appeared to measure "emotional adjustment" and "academic related" dimensions of classroom behavior. Given the problem of multicollinearity that was shown to exist among subscales, the authors suggest caution in the interpretation of Devereux subscales as discrete factors.

Achievement↗
PubMed1981

Measurement of personal competence of mentally retarded individuals.

The development and validation of the Personal Competency Scale, a 20-item rating instrument designed to assess competence of mentally retarded adults, was described. This broad bandwidth measure provides scores on three factorially derived domain scales, which are consistent with the rationale underlying the instrument's development, and a total score. The three major dimensions of personal competence delineated were adaptive, cognitive, and affective competence. Reliability estimates in the form of interrater, test-retest, and internal consistency were high, ranging from .80 to .94 for the subscales and .90 to .97 for the total scale. Correlations between the Personal Competency Scale and criterion variables, including IQ and Adaptive Behavior Scale scores, ranged from .61 to .75. Multiple regression and canonical correlations of .85 and .87, respectively, also strongly support the validity of this new measure.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Prevalence of speech and hearing impairment noninstitutionalized mentally retarded adults.

The prevalence of speech and hearing impairment was examinated in a sample of 518 mentally retarded persons currently residing in community residential facilities. The prevalence of speech impairment was found to be approximately 51 percent, while hearing impairment was found in about 15 percent of the sample. Prevalence figures were further delineated by level of mental retardation. Speech impairment showed a moderate correlation with measures of intelligence and personal competence. The results of this study support the need of this population for speech and hearing services.

Correction of Hearing Impairment↗
PubMed1977

Assessing social ans prevocational awareness in mildly and moderately retarded individuals.

The Social and Prevocational Information Battery, a series of knowledge tests developed for use with mildly retarded adolescents, was revised to facilitate assessment of moderately retarded persons knowledge in social and prevocational areas. In addition, the relationship between knowledge and applied performance in these domains was examined. Results indicated that the revised battery demonstrated adequate test and item difficulty and internal-consistency reliability and that mildly and moderately retarded persons' knowledge was substantially related to applied performance in these skill domains.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1976

Recent research trends in testing.

Recent trends in test research as measured by references in Buros' Mental Measurements Yearbooks were investigated. The 24 tests with the greatest number of publications were identified, and growth trends of five major tests (Rorschach, MMPI, TAT, Stanford-Binet, and SVIB) were shown. The correlation between test publications and test usage was .25. The authors speculated that future research trends might include increasing psychometric attention to behavioral assessment and test modifications for minorities. Based on a survey of psychologists' judgments of test quality, the authors concluded that good psychometric properties do not test leaders make.

Journal Article↗