Biomedical subjects

W M Tilakaratne

Publications and source records attributed to W M Tilakaratne.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Periostin is frequently overexpressed and enhances invasion and angiogenesis in oral cancer.

Oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of human cancer. Typically OSCC cells show persistent invasion that frequently leads to local recurrence and distant lymphatic metastasis. We previously identified Periostin as the gene demonstrating the highest fold change expression in the invasive clone by comparing the transcriptional profile of parent OSCC cell line and a highly invasive clone. Here, we demonstrated that Periostin overexpression enhanced invasiveness in oral cancer cell lines. To know the role of Periostin in invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in OSCC cases, we first examined the expression of Periostin mRNA in 31 OSCC cases by RT-PCR and Periostin protein in 74 OSCC cases by immunohistochemistry. Then, we compared the Periostin expression with invasion pattern, metastasis and blood vessel density. Periostin mRNA and protein overexpression were frequently found in OSCC cases and Periostin expression was well correlated with the invasion pattern and metastasis. Moreover, blood vessel density of Periostin-positive cases was higher than those of Periostin-negative cases. Interestingly, recombinant Periostin enhanced capillary formation in vitro in a concentration-dependant manner. In summary, these findings suggest that Periostin may promote invasion and angiogenesis in OSCC, and that Periostin can be a strong marker for prediction of metastasis in oral cancer patients.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2006

Demographic, aetiological and survival differences of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the young and the old in Sri Lanka.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major oncological problem in many regions of the world where tobacco habits are practiced in the form of chewing and/or smoking with or without alcohol intake. It accounts for 16.5% of all cancers in Sri Lankan patients with a male:female ratio of 4:1. In Sri Lanka nearly 5% of OSCC are diagnosed in young patients. This comparative study describes, demographic, aetiological and survival data from young and old patients with OSCC (n=56). Both younger and older groups showed a marked male predilection (male:female ratio was 4:1 and 3.7:1 in younger and older groups respectively). Tongue was the commonest site for younger group (41%, P<0.01) whilst buccal mucosa (37.5%, P<0.05) and alveolar mucosa (25%, P<0.01) were for older group. 39% of cancers in younger group were not associated with any identifiable risk factor (P<0.01) and 70% of SCC of the tongue has no associated habits (P<0.01). SCC of the tongue in the younger group shows poor prognosis than the older patients. Three-year survival rate for the total number showed no significant difference in two age groups. Survival appeared to be better in patients without associated habits in the older group.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Synovial sarcoma of the mandible.

The term synovial sarcoma was first proposed for the histologically well defined entity by Knox in 1936. The name was proposed due to the fact that at least the cases reported in the early part showed some resemblance of the tumour to normal synovial tissue histologically. Thereafter, tumours have been diagnosed from areas without synovial tissue. The diagnosis of monophasic tumours can be difficult and immunostains appear to be a good diagnostic tool in those cases. The occurrence in the mandible is extremely rare. This is a case of synovial sarcoma arising in the condyle involving most of the ramus. The tumour was diagnosed as synovial sarcoma with predominant spindle cell component by correlation of histopathology with immunostains (cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, actin and desmin). The patient has been treated with surgery and radiotherapy.

Actins↗

PubMed2006

An unusual presentation of rhinofacial zygomycosis due to Cunninghamella sp. in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and literature review.

Zygomycosis is a rare fungal infection usually found in immunocompromised patients. It is a rapidly progressing infection with a high mortality rate. Our report describes an unusual case of rhinofacial zygomycosis due to Cunninghamella sp. in an immunocompetent patient, who presented with a slowly progressive swelling of the left cheek. An interrupted course of amphotericin B treatment caused regression of the lesion. Drug therapy was abandoned due to impairment of renal function. The patient was clinically and radiologically disease free for 2 years following cessation of therapy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed2005

Oral submucous fibrosis: review on aetiology and pathogenesis.

Data from recent epidemiological studies provide overwhelming evidence that areca nut is the main aetiological factor for OSF. A clear dose-dependent relationship was observed for both frequency and duration of chewing areca nut (without tobacco) in the development of OSF. Commercially freeze dried products such as pan masala, Guthka and mawa (areca and lime) have high concentrates of areca nut per chew and appear to cause OSF more rapidly than by self prepared conventional betel quid that contain smaller amounts of areca nut. It is logical to hypothesise that the increased collagen synthesis or reduced collagen degradation as possible mechanisms in the development of the disease. There are numerous biological pathways involved in the above processes and, it is likely that the normal regulatory mechanisms are either down regulated or up regulated at different stages of the disease. Among the chemical constituents, alkaloids from areca nut are the most important biologically whilst tannin may have a synergistic role. These chemicals appear to interfere with the molecular processes of deposition and/or degradation of extracellular matrix molecules such as collagen. In vitro studies on human fibroblasts using areca extracts or chemically purified arecoline support the theory of fibroblastic proliferation and increased collagen formation that is also demonstrable histologically in human OSF tissues. The copper content of areca nut is high and the possible role of copper as a mediator of fibrosis is supported by the demonstration of up regulation of lysyl oxidase in OSF biopsies. It has been postulated that areca nut may also induce the development of the disease by increased levels of cytokines in the lamina propria. Increased and continuous deposition of extracellular matrix may take place as a result of disruption of the equilibrium between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP). Current evidence implicates collagen-related genes in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of OSF. The individual mechanisms operating at various stages of the disease-initial, intermediate and advanced-need further study in order to propose appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Areca↗

PubMed2005

Oral pemphigus vulgaris in children and adolescents: a review of the literature and a case report.

This paper describes a case of oral pemphigus vulgaris (PV) in a child that was diagnosed in its early stages and managed successfully. The authors also report a literature review. Although oral PV in children and adolescents is extremely rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral ulcerative disease. It is of utmost importance to diagnose PV in children and adolescents in its initial stages in order to prevent the serious morbidity that may result from the disease, and to institute phamacotherapeutic measures so that they have the greatest effect. Furthermore, it is essential for dentists to be aware of the existence of PV in child and adolescent patients so that they may refer such cases for specialist management without undue delay.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma-a case report and review of literature.

The clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is a rare, locally infiltrative neoplasm with a marked tendency for local recurrence and regional lymph node metastasis. The first description in 1985 included three cases of destructive jaw lesions. The entity was described as a clear cell odontogenic tumour in the previous WHO classification due to the fact that rarity of the lesion restricting pathologists to understand the spectrum of the degree of malignancy. These tumours have a peak incidence in the 5th-7th decades. CCOC tends to occur more frequently in the mandible, with a female predilection. The most striking histological feature is of large islands and strands of uniform cells with round or ovoid nuclei and clear cytoplasm. Presently we describe a case of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma in a 52-year-old female who presented with a bony-hard lump in the left body of the mandible. The patient is free of any recurrence after 2 years of follow-up.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗

PubMed2004

Oral psoriasis in an 11-year-old child: a case report.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that very rarely involves the oral mucosa. There is no consistent pattern of clinical presentation in the oral cavity. Furthermore, manifestations of intraoral psoriasis in paediatric patients are extremely rare and only one case appeared to have been reported in the literature to date. In this paper we report a case of intraoral psoriasis in an 11-year-old child who had been previously diagnosed as having dermal psoriasis.

Child↗

PubMed2004

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease): report of two cases with PCR detection of human papillomavirus DNA.

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) (Heck's disease) is essentially a benign oral infection produced by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Although this condition is known to exist in numerous populations and ethnic groups, it is relatively rare in South-East Asia. The following report is based on two cases of adult FEH with histopathological features in favour of the disease. In addition, polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the presence of HPV DNA in the lesions in order to confirm the histopathological diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Clinico-pathological conference 2002.

INTRODUCTION: Six cases are reported, each presented at the 11th Biennial Congress of the International Association of Oral Pathologists as an instructive case for differential diagnosis on the basis of clinical, imaging or histological features. CLINICAL PICTURE: Case diagnoses included a large, possibly intraosseous, myofibroma presenting with an oral mass; Langerhans cell histiocytosis with facial skin lesions; an intraosseous vascular hamartoma of the maxilla with worrying radiological features; an unusual mixed radiolucency of the jaw caused by cemento-ossifying fibroma; an osteosarcoma of the posterior mandible causing a well-defined radiolucency and an intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in a child.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

A case of sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland.

Sebaceous carcinoma of salivary gland origin is an extremely rare malignancy. It occurs mainly in the parotid gland. This is a case report of a sebaceous carcinoma in a 57-year-old woman who had a lump over the right parotid region for 8-9 months. The tumour was composed of small basaloid cells and large foamy cells. Sebaceous differentiation was evident in some tumour islands. This is the first case reported in the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya.

Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous↗

PubMed2003

Intra-oral Dirofilaria repens infection: report of seven cases.

Cutaneous dirofilariasis usually affects animals such as cats and dogs which are known to be the natural host of Dirofilaria. Dirofilariasis displays a worldwide distribution. Certain geographic regions account for the majority of reported cases. South-eastern United States, Australia and Europe have been identified as endemic regions (1, 2). However, new endemic areas are arising with increased awareness in African and Asian regions. Out of about 40 different species of Dirofilaria only a few species are commonly known to infect man, namely Dirofilaria immitus, D. tenices and D. repens. Human infection occurs when a human becomes a blood meal of an infected arthropod vector and on accidental entering of the worm. Rarely this zoonotic infection affects the oral mucosa (3). Man is the dead end of this parasite. Since the human body is an abnormal environment for the parasite, the development of the larvae is inhibited by means of retardation of sexual maturity. Lesions are presented as single non-tender subcutaneous nodules, and most patients are asymptomatic. Diagnosis is established by H&E sections prepared from excised nodules. In a majority of the cases, only a single worm either a male or a female could be identified. The worm is usually dead and degenerated with a massive inflammatory cell infiltration. Seven new cases presented as intra-oral nodules with their clinicopathological correlation are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Cell-mediated immune responses (CMIR) to Rhinosporidium seeberi in mice.

There is no published data on Cell Mediated Immune Responses in experimental animals to Rhinosporidium seeberi the causative agent of human and animal rhinosporidiosis. The quantitative mouse foot-pad model was used to assay the Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) cell-mediated immune response to extracts of purified endospores and sporangia of R. seeberi. Histological examination was used to confirm that the foot-pad reactions were compatible with DTH reactions in the mouse. We report that sonically disintegrated rhinosporidial endospores/sporangia induced DTH responses in the foot-pads of sensitized mice which were comparable in intensity and histological profile to that induced by sheep red blood cells in SRBC sensitized mice. Anti-rhinosporidial antibody was also induced. Filtrates of the soluble antigens in sonicated suspensions failed to evoke a DTH-foot-pad (DTH-FP) response in sensitized mice although an anti-rhinosporidial antibody response to this preparation was detected. Prolonged pre-treatment with sonicated suspensions of endospores and sporangia resulted in a decrease of DTH reactivity as compared with reactions following pre-treatment of a shorter duration.

Animals↗