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Biomedical subjects

W Müller-Ruchholtz

Publications and source records attributed to W Müller-Ruchholtz.

243 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Olfactory cues associated with the major histocompatibility complex.

Besides its immunological function of self/non-self discrimination the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been recognized as a possible source of individual specific body odors. Dating back to speculations on the role of the extraordinary polymorphism of the MHC as background of an individual chemosensory identity and to early observations of MHC-dependent mate choice in inbred strains of mice, systematic experimental studies revealed a first evidence for H-2 related body odors in this species. Meanwhile a large number of animal studies with rodents and a series of field studies and experiments with humans have extended our knowledge of MHC-related odor signals and substantiated the hypothesis of immunogenetic associated odor types. These results suggest that the most prominent feature of the MHC, its extraordinary genetic diversity, seems in part to be selectively maintained by behavioral mechanisms which operate in contemporary natural populations. The high degree of heterozygosity found in natural populations of most species seems to be promoted by non-disease-based selection such as mating preferences and selective block of pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The major histocompatibility complex and the chemosensory signalling of individuality in humans.

The chemosensory identity of mice and rats is determined partly by polymorphic genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In inbred strains of mice, as well as in seminatural populations, MHC-associated mating preferences selectively influence reproductive success, thus serving to promote heterozygocity in the MHC. In order to determine whether MHC-associated chemosignals are present in humans, two studies were conducted. In a first study, olfactory identification of MHC-associated chemosignals was conducted on 12 trained rats' responses to the urine odors of humans. In a second study, MHC-associated olfactory cues in humans were analyzed by means of gas chromatography. The results indicate that the urine odors of humans are associated with the MHC and demonstrate that the profile of volatile components in the urine odors shows some association with the MHC. Furthermore, results show that a profile of some specific components, as well as a few ubiquitous volatiles, constitutes MHC-associated odor signals in humans.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular forms of soluble HLA in body fluids: potential determinants of body odor cues.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been linked to encoding for individual olfactory identity. Experiments in mice and rats proved that behavior and mating were, at least in part, determined by genes within the MHC. This study was aimed at investigating whether sHLA are excreted in human urine, saliva and sweat. In particular examination of the molecular forms in these fluids would give clues to whether break down forms of soluble MHC molecules might participate in shaping behavior. Major bands of 45, 40, and 23 kD were detectable. Increased levels of sHLA were measured using a quantitative ELISA in urine shortly before ovulation decreasing to normal levels thereafter. In animal models strain specific MHC-linked odor cues have been detected in urine. Thus, excretion of sHLA in urine might indicate a similar role for these molecules in humans.

Body Fluids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Partially common antigenicity of macrophages, epitheloid cells and foreign body giant cells. Experimental studies on rats].

QUESTION: By means of antimacrophage sera it is possible to demonstrate partially common antigenicity of monocytes with peritoneal macrophages, reticulum cells capable of phagocytosis, mast cells and Kupper's cells. The authors continued these studies important for the explantation of cytogenetical interrelations using a special method on epitheloid and giant cells of rats. The experiments aimed for the detection of possible partially common antigenicity with the above mentioned monocytes/macrophages system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor marker concentrations in normal and malignant tissues of colorectal cancer patients and their prognostic relevance.

Tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3, CA125, AFP, beta-HCG, SCC were measured quantitatively in serum, tumor tissue and healthy colonic mucosa of patients with colorectal cancer. We wanted to investigate whether there is a difference in concentration between patients with and without recurrence of cancer. During the follow-up period 14 of 38 patients showed tumor recurrence. Patients with cancer relapse had higher preoperative serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 and significantly higher concentrations in their histologically normal colonic mucosa of CEA, CA19-9, SCC and lower ones of CA15-3. The highest values of CEA, CA19-9, and SCC occurred in the mucosa of patients developing local cancer recurrence. Marker concentrations in tumor tissues themselves did not differ between patients with or without tumor relapse. Though this should be confirmed in a larger number of cases we conclude from these results that tumor marker concentrations in healthy colonic mucosa of patients with colorectal cancer may become valuable indicators of the risk of tumor recurrence.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor marker concentrations in normal and malignant tissues of colorectal cancer patients and their prognostic relevance.

Tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3, CA125, AFP, beta-HCG, SCC were measured quantitatively in the serum, tumor tissue and healthy colonic mucosa of patients with colorectal cancer. We wanted to investigated whether there is a difference in concentration between patients with and without recurrence of cancer. During the follow-up period 14 of 38 patients showed tumor recurrence. The patients with cancer relapse had higher preoperative serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 and in the histologically normal colonic mucosa they had higher concentrations of CEA, CA19-9, SCC and low CA15-3. The highest values of CEA, CA19-9, and SCC occurred in the mucosa of patients developing local cancer recurrence. Marker concentrations in tumor tissues themselves did not differ between patients with or without tumor relapse. Though confirmation in a larger number of cases is needed we conclude from these results that tumor marker concentrations in the healthy colonic mucosa of patients with colorectal cancer may become valuable indicators of the risk of tumor recurrence.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗