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Biomedical subjects

W Mazur

Publications and source records attributed to W Mazur.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Antiplatelet therapy for treatment of acute coronary syndromes.

Acute coronary syndromes and the postpercutaneous coronary intervention state share the common feature of atherosclerotic plaque disruption and subsequent intraluminal thrombus formation. In most cases, vascular patency is maintained but partial occlusion causes myocardial ischemia and can either progress to complete occlusion or result in distal embolization with subsequent small vessel obstruction, the core section of an intraarterial thrombus is platelet-rich and can serve as a nidus for further thrombosis. Aspirin, by virtue of its anticycloxygenase activity inhibits platelet activation and aggregation to a mild degree. Clinically, aspirin has been shown to reduce the rates of myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndromes and to reduce the number of ischemic complications which follow coronary angioplasty. More potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation antagonize the interaction between the platelet surface protein GP IIb-IIIa and fibrinogen. The result is profound inhibition of platelet aggregation. Three intravenous antagonists of platelet GP IIb-IIIa are clinically available and a fourth is under phase III study. When used in addition to aspirin therapy, these agents have been shown to produce further reductions in either peri-interventional infarctions or in recurrent myocardial infarctions in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Abciximab↗
PubMed1999

Balloon valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis.

Balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) for mitral stenosis is a procedure that has evolved significantly since its introduction by Inoue et al. in 1984. This article reviews currently used techniques, advantages, and limitations as well as outcomes in comparison with surgical procedures. Included is a review of imaging techniques that facilitate BMV, such as transesophageal echocardiography and the recently developed tri-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and intracardiac echocardiography. In a separate section, the application of BMV in specific clinical situations, such as in patients with multivalvular disease, during pregnancy, in children, in the presence of thrombi, and in patients with bioprostheses, is discussed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1998

Inhibitory effects of soy and rye diets on the development of Dunning R3327 prostate adenocarcinoma in rats.

METHODS: Dunning R3327 PAP prostate tumors were transplanted in 125 rats, the rats were divided into five groups, and tumor development was examined for 24 weeks during treatment with diets containing 33% of soy flour (SD), rye bran (RB), heat-treated rye bran (HRB), or rye endosperm (RE). RESULTS: In the SD, RB, and HRB groups, significantly fewer palpable tumors and lower tumor volume were detected 14 and 16 weeks after transplantation when compared with the control, fiber-free dietary (FF) group. The body weight was lower 16 weeks after tumor transplantation in the RB and HRB groups when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Rats in the RB and the HRB groups had a significant lower energy intake than the FF group during the first metabolic observation period, 3-6 weeks after tumor transplantation (P < 0.05), whereas the energy intake was the same in all groups during the second metabolic observation period, 13-16 weeks after tumor transplantation. However, when the tumor volume was adjusted for the body weight of the animals, there were still significant lower tumor volumes in the SD, RB, and HRB groups compared with the FF group (P < 0.05). A significant increase in daily urinary excretion of the isoflavonoids, daidzein, O-desmethylangolensin, equol, and Genistein, was observed in the rats fed SD, and of the ligands enterolactone and enterodiol in the rats fed RB and HRB during both metabolic periods. There were no differences in testosterone levels between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that SD inhibits implanted prostate cancer growth. Although RB and HRB had a protective effect, further studies are needed to exclude the possibility that a low energy intake played a role in this respect. The results suggest that phytoestrogens (isoflavonoids and ligands), may be responsible for the delayed prostate tumor growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Progressive deterioration of coronary flow reserve after heart transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine coronary flow reserve in cardiac allograft recipients early (0 to 3 years) and late (3 to 7 years) after heart transplantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: With the use of a Doppler tipped guide wire, coronary flow reserve (ratio of hyperemic to baseline coronary flow velocity) was measured in 82 patients before and after intracoronary adenosine. Forty-five patients were early (< or =3 years) after transplantation, 24 were late, and 13 were control patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease. Coronary flow reserve in the early transplantation patients was similar to that in the control group (2.9+/-0.2 vs 3.0 +/-0.6, p=not significant) but was reduced in the late transplantation group (2.2+/-0.5 vs 3.0+/-0.6, p < 0.001). There were differences in coronary flow reserve between the early and late transplantation patient groups (3.0+/-0.6 vs 2.2+/-0.5, p < 0.001 ) despite equally elevated mean arterial pressure, mean heart rate, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and mean left ventricular mass in the two groups. Coronary flow reserve in patients with angiographic allograft arteriopathy (n=19) was reduced when compared with coronary flow reserve of patients with normal vessels (n=50) (1.9+/-0.3 vs 3.1+/-0.6, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is progressive deterioration of coronary flow reserve over time after transplantation. Dysfunction of the coronary microcirculation rather than determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption contributes to this reduction.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1998

Phytoestrogen content in foods.

Plants abound in essential phytochemicals produced for their various vital functions. The same compounds seem also to be crucial for human health and disease. Recent human epidemiological and laboratory animal and cell studies on cancer and heart disease have highlighted the phytoestrogens--naturally occurring principles that share with steroidal oestrogens an ability to activate oestrogen receptors. The best known non-steroidal phytoestrogens include the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A, the coumestan coumestrol, and the lignans secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol. Acknowledging the potentially chemoprotective role of these non-nutrients, we have quantified all biologically important isoflavonoids and lignans in cereals, oilseeds and nuts, legumes, vegetables, fruits, berries and beverages such as tea, coffee and wine. In this chapter, we present a review of our studies on staple plant foods, indicating that plants contain, besides a wide range of chemicals with a number of biological properties, biologically active phytoestrogens--precursors of hormone-like compounds found in mammalian systems.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed1998

Report from the International Symposium on viral hepatitis, 24-25 October 1997, Warsaw, Poland.

The authors present the results of an International Symposium on 'Viral Hepatitis', held in Warsaw on 24-25 October 1997 and dedicated to the scientific activity of Professor Adam Nowoslawski, the founder of the Polish school of Immunopathology, with many contributions to the viral hepatitis research. The symposium was divided into main sessions and poster reports which covered most of the topics in this field. This successful meeting has gathered many distinguished speakers from different countries and was attended by ca. 350 participants, mainly from Poland, but also from the neighbouring countries.

Hepatitis, Viral, Human↗
PubMed1998

Coronary flow reserve may predict myocardial recovery after myocardial infarction in patients with TIMI grade 3 flow.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine whether the recovery of global and regional left ventricular function after successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) could be predicted by measuring coronary flow reserve before performing the intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-two patients underwent PTCA 6.9 +/- 3.4 days after a recent myocardial infarction. Coronary flow reserve was determined in the infarct-related artery before PTCA by using an intracoronary Doppler tipped wire. Global and regional wall motion were determined by 2-dimensional echocardiography before the Flowire study and again 7 weeks after the angioplasty. Whereas the global and regional wall motion score indices improved in 20 patients (recovery group), they deteriorated or did not change in 9 patients (nonrecovery group). Coronary flow reserve distal to the lesion in the infarct-related artery was significantly higher in the recovery group (1.43 +/- 0.57 vs 0.98 +/- 0.70, P = .0001). Coronary flow reserve distal to the lesion in the infarct-related artery was < 1.1 in patients whose global or regional left ventricular function did not improve at follow-up, whereas flow reserve ranged between 1.1. and 1.8 while patients in whom left ventricular function improved. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the absence of inducible coronary flow reserve may predict failure of left ventricular systolic function to improve between the first and sixth week after infarction. Measurement of flow reserve with a Flowire at the time of diagnostic angiography after recent myocardial infarction may ultimately prove helpful in deciding whether to proceed with revascularization.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Pharmacokinetics of soybean isoflavones in plasma, urine and feces of men after ingestion of 60 g baked soybean powder (kinako).

To take advantage of the various pharmacologic activities of soy bean isoflavones, more detailed studies of the absorption and excretion rates of these compounds in humans and subsequent evaluation of their bioavailabilities are required. We conducted a pharmacokinetic study of soybean isoflavones in seven healthy male volunteers. After ingestion of 60 g of kinako (baked soybean powder, containing 103 micromol daidzein and 112 micromol genistein), changes of the isoflavone and metabolite concentrations in plasma, urine and feces were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The plasma concentration of genistein increased after 2 h and reached its highest value of 2.44 +/- 0.65 micromol/L 6 h later. The plasma concentration of daidzein peaked at 1.56 +/- 0.34 micromol/L at the same time, but it was always lower than that of genistein. Peak plasma concentration of O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) and equol appeared after the daidzein peak in four and two subjects, respectively. In contrast with plasma, daidzein was the main component in urine. Urinary daidzein excretion started to increase shortly after the rise in its plasma concentration and reached 2.4 micromol/h 8 h after ingestion of kinako. Genistein excretion in urine paralleled that of daidzein, but the value at 6 h was about half (1.1 micromol/h). The majority of ingested isoflavones after ingestion of kinako were recovered on d 2 or 3 in the feces. Total recovery of daidzein, O-DMA and equol from urine and feces was 54.7%, calculated from daidzein intake; 20.1% of administered genistein was recovered as genistein. The half-lives of plasma genistein and daidzein were 8.36 and 5.79 h, respectively. The individual plasma and urinary concentrations of equol and O-DMA were quite variable; subjects were classified as high and low metabolizers. The high plasma concentration of isoflavones for at least several hours after a single ingestion of soy protein suggests that these compounds may interact with macromolecules and have biological effects.

Absorption↗
PubMed1998

[Submandibular pathology as an interdisciplinary problem].

Basing on the own material of 328 patients treated surgically the authors have presented the problem of submandibular space pathology. They have pointed out its interspecialty in diagnosing and treatment. Among 328 patients the presence of inflammatory tumors have been stated in 220 (67.1%) cases, non-specific inflammation in 194 (88.2%) patients and specific inflammation in 26 (11.8%) patients. Neoplasmatic tumors have occurred in 98 (29.9%) patients, malignant tumors in 78 (79.6%) patients and benign ones in 20 (20.4%) patients. Among malignant tumors metastatic ones were observed in 41 (52.6%) cases, while primary tumors in 37 (47.4%) cases. In 3.0% patients developmental anomaly have occurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[A case of primary adenocarcinoma of the tympanic cavity behind the intact tympanic membrane].

An extremely rare case of primary adenocarcinoma of the tympanic cavity behind the intact tympanic membrane was presented. A radical surgical treatment and postoperative telegammatherapy was used, with no evidence of recurrence for four years. The authors have described the occurrence of this tumor in the temporal bone, clinical picture, diagnosis difficulties, prognosis and ways of therapy. They have paid attention to the guileful course of disease and non-characteristic symptoms in its initial stage.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Phyto-oestrogens and Western diseases.

Incidences of breast, colorectal and prostate cancer are high in the Western world compared to countries in Asia. We have postulated that the Western diet compared to the semivegetarian diet in some Asian countries may alter hormone production, metabolism or action at the cellular level by some biochemical mechanisms. Our interest has been focused on two groups of hormone-like diphenolic phyto-oestrogens of dietary origin, the lignans and isoflavonoids abundant in plasma of subjects living in areas with low cancer incidence. The precursors of the biologically active compounds detected in man are found in soybean products, whole-grain cereal food, seeds, and berries. The plant lignan and isoflavonoid glycosides are converted by intestinal bacteria to hormone-like compounds. The weakly oestrogenic diphenols formed influence sex-hormone production, metabolism and biological activity, intracellular enzymes, protein synthesis, growth factor action, malignant cell proliferation, differentiation, cell adhesion and angiogenesis in such a way as to make them strong candidates for a role as natural cancer-protective compounds. Their effect on some of the most important steroid biosynthetic enzymes may result in beneficial modulation of hormone concentrations and action in the cells preventing development of cancer. Owing to their oestrogenic activity they reduce hot flushes and vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women and may to some degree inhibit osteoporosis, but alone they may be insufficient for complete protection. Soy intake prevents oxidation of the low-density lipoproteins in vitro when isolated from soy-treated individuals and affect favourably plasma lipid concentrations. Animal experiments provide evidence suggesting that both lignans and isoflavonoids may prevent the development of cancer as well as atherosclerosis. However, in some of these experiments it has not been possible to separate the phyto-oestrogen effect from the effect of other components in the food. The isoflavonoids and lignans may play a significant inhibitory role in cancer development particularly in the promotional phase of the disease, but recent evidence points also to a role in the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. At present, however, no definite recommendations can be made as to the dietary amounts needed for prevention of disease. This review deals with all the above-mentioned aspects of phyto-oestrogens.

Diet↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of the occurrence of bronchial asthma in children from clinical material in the years 1983-1994].

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of bronchial asthma in children aged 0-15 year old hospitalized in the years 1983-1994. The analysis of the material was carried out on the basis of 13,514 disease histories of children admitted to hospital in the eleven years' period. The essential criterion that decided about further clinical and statistical analysis was recognition of bronchial asthma as a primary disease. In the studied clinical material bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 333 patients i.e. 2.5%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

High dose rate intracoronary radiation for inhibition of neointimal formation in the stented and balloon-injured porcine models of restenosis: angiographic, morphometric, and histopathologic analyses.

PURPOSE: We examined the effects of intracoronary irradiation delivered at a high dose rate on neointimal hyperplasia after injury induced by two methods: balloon overstretch injury, and stent implantation in a porcine model of coronary restenosis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In 34 Hanford miniature swine, a segment of each coronary artery was targeted for injury and treatment. The artery segments were treated with 192Ir at doses of 10 Gy over 4 min (eight animals), 15 Gy over 6 min (nine animals), 25 Gy over 10 min (nine animals) or control (simulation wire only; eight animals). The treated segments were subjected to stent implantation (left anterior descending and right coronary artery) or balloon overstretch (circumflex) injury. Twenty-eight days later, repeat coronary angiography and sacrifice were done. Quantitative coronary angiography, morphometry, and extensive histopathologic analyses were carried out in a blinded fashion. RESULTS: The change in minimal lumen diameter from postinjury to presacrifice in the stent-injured left anterior descending was -0.79 +/- 0.34 (mean: +/- SD) mm in the control group, compared to -0.43 +/- 0.35 mm in the 15 Gy (p = 0.04) and -0.21 +/- 0.50 mm in the 25 Gy (p = 0.01) groups; and in the balloon-injured circumflex was -0.31 +/- 0.22 mm in the control group compared to -0.03 +/- 0.18 mm in the 10 Gy (p = 0.05) and 0.00 +/- 0.33 in the 15 Gy (p = 0.01) groups. Percent area stenosis in the left anterior descending was 36 +/- 9% in the control group compared to 18 +/- 12% in the 15 Gy (p = 0.003) and 11 +/- 11% in the 25 Gy (p < 0.001) groups; and in the circumflex was 16 +/- 10% in the control groups, compared to 5 +/- 5% in the 15 Gy (p = 0.02) and 2 +/- 2% in the 25 Gy (p = 0.009) groups. Histopathology showed a striking reduction in the amount of neointima in the irradiated arteries compared with control vessels. Other radiation effects were stromal fibrin exudate, thinning of the media, and adventitial fibrosis and leukocyte infiltration in the radiated arterial segments. CONCLUSIONS: High dose rate intracoronary irradiation with 192Ir effectively inhibits intimal proliferation after stent-induced as well as balloon-overstretch injury. This shorter treatment time (4 to 10 min) may provide a clinically practical approach to the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1996

Isotope dilution gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of isoflavonoids, coumestrol, and lignans in food samples.

We present a method for the quantitative determination of the phytoestrogens formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol and simultaneously the lignans secoisolariciresinol (SECO) and matairesinol in plant-derived foods. These compounds are measured by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode (ID/GC/MS/SIM) using synthesized deuterated internal standards for the correction of losses during the procedure. A three-step hydrolysis--a rehydration with distilled H2O, followed by enzymatic and acid hydrolysis--has been applied in order to convert the diphenolic glycosides into their respective aglycones. Purification and separation are carried out in two ion-exchange chromatographic steps followed by derivatization and GC-MS. The within-assay imprecision values vary 3.1-9.6% and the between-assay imprecision 7.0-21.2%. The mean recovery of authentic standards processed through the whole procedure varied from 95.5 to 105.5%. Values for some different food samples are presented. The simultaneous determination of the biologically most interesting phytoestrogens and lignans in foods has not been carried out previously and the method will be useful for screening of important foods in populations with different risk of cancer and coronary heart disease, and for metabolic studies.

Anion Exchange Resins↗
PubMed1996

Inhibition of coronary restenosis by antithrombin III in atherosclerotic swine.

BACKGROUND: Thrombin-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation has been implicated in coronary restenosis. Attempts to inhibit this mitogenic activity have recently focused on non-physiologic direct thrombin inhibitors, whereas endogenous thrombin inhibitors such as antithrombin III (ATIII) have received little attention. ATIII is the main physiologic inhibitor of thrombin and may thus be a potential therapeutic agent for prevention of restenosis. METHODS: Human ATIII (125 U/kg) and heparin (200 U/kg) were administered to 12 atherosclerotic swine 30 min prior to inducing restenosis by oversized stent (left anterior descending and right coronary arteries; stent-to-artery ratio approximately 1.2) and balloon injury (circumflex; balloon artery ratio approximately 1.2). Eleven control swine received only heparin every 6 h for 24 h and were subjected to similar stent and balloon injury. Quantitative coronary angiography [change in minimal lumen diameter (delta MLD)] and morphometric analysis [percentage area stenosis (PAS)] were performed 4 weeks later. RESULTS: ATIII activity (mean +/- SD) of treated swine increased from a baseline of 103 +/- 10% to a peak of 266 +/- 48%, whereas trough levels were maintained at 259 +/- 55% for 72 h by drug infusions every 6 h. The delta MLD, the primary angiographic endpoint in the balloon injured vessel was -0.57 +/- 0.33 mm in heparin group versus -0.26 +/- 0.27 mm in the ATIII group (P < or = 0.03). For stented vessels the delta MLD was -0.61 +/- 0.33 mm in the heparin group versus -0.41 +/- 0.37 mm in the ATIII group (P < or = 0.06). The PAS for the balloon injured vessels was 30 +/- 12% in the heparin group versus 19 +/- 14 in the ATIII group (P < or = 0.06). In stented vessels the PAS was 45 +/- 16% in the heparin group versus 38 +/- 16% in the ATIII group (P < or = 0.1). CONCLUSION: Supraphysiologic ATIII levels in combination with heparin inhibits the reduction in MLD in coronary arteries subjected to oversized balloon injury and demonstrates a beneficial trend in arteries subjected to oversized stent injury. These data provide cautious optimism for further investigation with ATIII to prevent coronary restenosis.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1995

[A case of metastasis of the esophageal adenocarcinoma to the middle ear].

The authors have presented the rare case of metastasis the cardiac adenocarcinoma to the middle ear. They have described occurrence of metastatic tumors of the temporal bone, mechanisms of their formation, clinical picture, diagnostic difficulties, prognosis and ways of therapy. A radical surgical treatment and chemotherapy have been used in this case. The patient died 17 months after diagnosis of the cardiac adenocarcinoma and 10 months after diagnosis of metastasis to the temporal bone.

Adenocarcinoma↗