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Biomedical subjects

W Michie

Publications and source records attributed to W Michie.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Environmental temperature and choice feeding of the broiler.

1. Broilers were kept under environmental temperature regimens of 16, 21, 26 or 31 degrees and given, 22--57 d of age, either a complete diet or free-choice of whole wheat and a higher-protein food containing either 252 or 516 g crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25)/kg. 2. Broilers maintained at 16 and 21 degrees consumed food at a significantly higher rate than those kept at 26 degrees and the latter had a significantly higher food intake rate than broilers kept at 31 degrees, for each feeding treatment. Compared with 21 degrees the 57 d body-weight of broilers kept at 26 degrees and 31 degrees was significantly reduced. 3. When kept under the 16, 21, 26 and 31 degrees regimens, the amount of whole wheat in the food consumed by the broilers choice-fed with wheat and the 252 g crude protein/kg food was 56, 55, 48 and 46% respectively. The corresponding values for the broilers on the second choice-feeding treatment were 80, 76, 79 and 72%. 4. Except for a single instance the choice-fed broilers grew at a significantly slower rate than broilers given the complete diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Thyroid cancer in an iodide rich area: a histopathological study.

A comparison of the incidence of the different histological types of thyroid carcinoma in an area of high dietary iodide and an area of normal iodide intake has been made. The areas chosen were Iceland and the region of Northeast Scotland centred on Aberdeen; both areas have clearly defined populations served by a single pathology laboratory. All definite and dubious thyroid carcinomas from both regions were examined and classified by the same two pathologists. The age-specific incidence rates for papillary carcinoma in surgical specimens in both areas rose with age; they were five times higher in Iceland (high iodide area) than in Northeast Scotland. The numbers of follicular carcinomas were small, and this tumor was relatively less frequent in Iceland than Aberdeen. These findings, together with the known high relative frequency of follicular carcinoma and low frequency of papillary carcinoma in areas of endemic goitre, lead to the suggestion that the incidence of papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma are separately influenced by dietary iodide, papillary carcinoma being high in areas of high iodide intake and low in areas with low dietary iodide. No evidence to implicate lymphocytic thyroiditis, radiation or genetic factors in the genesis of thyroid carcinoma in Iceland or Northeast Scotland was found in this study. Undifferentiated carcinoma was about three times as common in Iceland as in Northeast Scotland. Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid was suprisingly common in Northeast Scotland, possibly related to the high frequency of thyroiditis found in this region. These studies suggest that the incidence of different histological types of thyroid malignancy is influenced by different etiological factors. They also provide support for the subdivision of thyroid malignancy into these different types, and for the general importance of accurate histological typing in cancer epidemiology.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Outcome of sub-total thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis in Iceland and Northeast Scotland.

A comparative study of the outcome of surgical treatment for thyrotoxicosis was carried out in two countries with dissimilar dietary iodine levels. In the area with a high iodine level (Iceland) the prevalence of post-operative hypothyroidism was five times lower, but recurrent hyperthyroidism was five times higher, than in the area with lower iodine levels (northeast Scotland). The total morbidity reached comparable levels in the two samples. The prevalence of positive thyroid antibody tests and serum thyrotrophin levels was lower and the functional capacity of the thyroid remnant higher in the area with the higher dietary iodine intake. The study provides further evidence that there are important regional differences in the prevalence of factors known to influence the response to surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis which should be taken into account when planning treatment services.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Does preoperative iodide treatment for thyrotoxicosis bring about involution?

It is generally believed that preoperative iodide decreases the hyperplasia of the toxic thyroid gland. Histometric studies of glands from thyrotoxic patients pretreated with propranolol alone compared with those from patients pretreated with propranolol and iodide failed to confirm this. Although histological appearances and volume percentage measurement of component tissues suggested that the glandular epithelium had involuted after iodine treatment, measurement of their absolute mass indicated that the mean mass of epithelium was the same in both groups and that involution had not occurred. We conclude that considerable confusion in the thyroid literature has arisen through incorrect use of the term involution.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Histometry of lymphoid infiltrate in the thyroid of primary thyrotoxicosis patients. Relation of extent of thyroiditis to preoperative drug treatment and postoperative hypothyroidism.

The thyroids of primary thyrotoxicosis patients prepared for partial thyroidectomy with propranolol contained much more lymphoid infiltrate than those prepared with carbimazole. No relation was found between the extent of lymphoid infiltrate in the thyroid and the development of postoperative hypothyroidism either between or within the two drug treatment groups. This study has shown that the extent of thyroid infiltrate should not be used as the major factor in predicting hypothyroidism after subtotal thyroidectomy for primary thyrotoxicosis.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1975

Whither thyrotoxicosis?

For 30 years the thyrotoxic patient has been subjected to a plurality of treatments by surgery, radio-iodine and long term anti-thyroid drugs. These therapies have been accepted as complementary to the needs of the individual patient, without regard for long term results or the economic situation as it affects both patient and hospital services. In the context of surgical treatment which is now available, it is suggested that the advantages of operation over other therapies presage a reversion to surgery as the treatment of choice.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

The influence of preoperative drug treatment on the histological appearances and in vitro 131I uptake of human hyperplastic thyroid gland.

The specimen of thyroid resected at partial thyroidectomy from 103 patients with primary thyrotoxicosis was studied with histometric and organ culture techniques. Twenty-seven patients had been prepared for operation with propranolol and seventy-six with carbimazole: all received Lugol's iodine for 10 days before operation. The resected specimen and deduced total thyroid weight was greater in the patients prepared with carbimazole. There was no absolute qualitative histopathological difference in the appearance of the glands of the two groups of patients, but histometry showed that the volume percentage of colloid and total gland colloid weight was significantly greater in the patients prepared with carbimazole: the volume percentage of epithelial cells and the total gland epithelial cell weight was similar in the two groups. The iodide concentrating capacity per g wet weight thyroid tissue or per unit volume of colloid did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the iodide concentration capacity per unit volume of epithelial cells was significantly higher in the carbimazole prepared patients than in those prepared with propranolol.

Carbimazole↗
PubMed1975

The predictive value of histometry of thyroid tissue in anticipating hypothyroidism after subtoatl thyroidectomy for primary thyrotoxicosis.

Thyroid tissue removed at partial thyroidectomy from primary thyrotoxicosis patients, after preparation for operation with carbimazole and Lugol's iodine, was studied with the histometric technique. In patients with little or no evidence of autoimmunity before operation, the chance of developing postoperative hypothyroidism was approximately 1 in 2 in those who had volume percentage of epithelium greater than 40, but only approximately 1 in 10 in those who had volume percentage of epithelium less than 40. This approach may ultimately prove of predictive value in a substantial proportion of patients for anticipating hypothyroidism after subtotal thyroidectomy for primary thyrotoxicosis.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1975

The influence of preoperative drug treatment on the extent of hyperplasia of the thymus in primary thyrotoxicosis.

Thymic biopsies taken from women at the beginning of the operation of subtotal thyroidectomy were studied by the point-counting histometric technique. In all patients with primary thyrotoxicosis, the thymus is hyperplastic. After pretreatment with antithyroid drugs, the pattern of thymic involution with age is similar to, but at higher levels, than that in control groups of patients with non-toxic goitre in whom there is no evidence of immunological abnormality. By contrast, after propranolol pretreatment very little age involution is seen. The differences in the appearance of the thymus in female primary thyrotoxixosis patients prepared for operation with different drug treatment regimes are probably related to the pharmacological actions of the drugs and may indicate an interaction between primary immunological and secondary endocrinological factors in the disease process.

Adolescent↗