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Biomedical subjects

W Mueller

Publications and source records attributed to W Mueller.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Detection and discrimination of individual viruses by flow cytometry.

A new flow cytometer with a very small observation volume has been developed to detect individual viruses with good resolution, and has been used to discriminate between two types of viral particles based on differences in their light scattering. Measurements of light scattering and fluorescence made with such an instrument can provide a basis for quantitative analysis and sorting of viruses and other particles in the micron and submicron size range.

Capsid↗
PubMed1979

Savings achieved through use of a less concentrated amino acid solution.

The administrative process of adding a 5.5% crystalline amino acid solution to the formulary of two affiliated hospitals and the results of the addition are discussed. A formulary change was sought after it was found that many patients on parenteral nutrient therapy were receiving more amino acids than they needed. Nearly all patients on parenteral nutrient therapy were receiving 8.5% crystalline amino acid solution. The approach to achieving the pharmacy and therapeutics committee's approval of the formulary change included documenting amino acid needs from the literature, securing a multidisciplinary base of support and providing economic impact information. A standard TPN order form for physicians, education through the pharmacy newsletter, and presentations at surgery and medical conferences and grand rounds were implemented to assure that the change was effective. During the 12 months following approval of the formulary addition, 66% of the more than 20,000 total parenteral nutrient solutions were prepared using 5.5% amino acid solutions. This resulted in an annual savings of $41,028

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Environmental chemical-induced immune dysfunction.

Antibody formation, endotoxin sensitivity, and resistance to a challenge malarial infection were evaluated in mice fed a diet containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) (Aroclor 1242) or hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Antibody synthesis to the antigen sheep RBC (SRBC) was significantly depressed in the PCB- and HCB-treated (167 ppm) animals as evidenced by the fact that control mice elicited an approximate twofold increase in antibody formation over the chemical-treated mice. Serum IgA concentrations in the PCB- and HCB-treated mice were consistently 40--80 mg/dl lower than control values. Gram-negative endotoxin (Salmonella typhosa) sensitivity in PCB- and HCB-treated mice was increased 5.2- and 32-fold, respectively, following the dietary administration of 167 ppm of Aroclor 1242 or HCB for 6 weeks. An endotoxin hypersusceptibility was also noted at 3 weeks after dietary administration. Decreased resistance to a malaria challenge was also demonstrated in the xenobiotic-treated mice. A 20% decrease in mean survival time of mice fed Aroclor 1242 for 3 to 6 weeks and inoculated with Plasmodium berghei (NYU-2) was observed. Infected mice which had received HCB for 3 or 6 weeks manifested reductions in mean survival time of 24 and 31%, respectively. The data indicated that environmental chemical contaminants impair host resistance and, since no concomitant histopathological alterations were observed in the treated mice, the evaluation of immune parameters may possibly be a sensitive indicator of toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Impaired host resistance to endotoxin and malaria in polychlorinated biphenyl- and hexachlorobenzene-treated mice.

The in vivo effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on murine endotoxin sensitivity and resistance to malaria (Plasmodium berghei NYU-2) infection was studied. The dietary administration of 167 ppm (167 microgram/g) of PCB 1242 or HCB for 3 weeks resulted in an enhanced sensitivity to gram-negative endotoxin (Salmonella typhosa), which was further increased in animals maintained on the diets for 6 weeks. By 6 weeks, a 5.2- or 32-fold increase in endotoxin sensitivity was seen in mice fed PCB or HCB, respectively. A 20% decrease in mean survival time of mice fed PCB 1242 for 3 or 6 weeks and inoculated with malaria was demonstrated. Infected mice that received HCB for 3 or 6 weeks manifested a reduction in mean survival time of 24 or 31%, respectively. Histopathological examination revealed a normal thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and lungs. Centrilobular and pericentral hepatocyte hypertrophy, common to organochlorine exposure, was observed. Electron capture gas chromatographic analysis for PCB 1242 or HCB in the tissues examined histologically revealed a significant deposit of the xenobiotics. HCB concentration was approximately 16 to 25 times greater than that of PCB. The data indicate that environmental chemicals impair host resistance and that the alteration may be related to the presence of the chemicals in the lymphoreticular organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Radical radiotherapy of breast cancer. Experience of Créteil].

Since 1961, we have treated 400 cases of breast cancers by radical radiotherapy (December 1976). The TNM classification of cases is: 25 per cent T1, 55 per cent T2, 20 per cent T3. 80 per cent of patients are N0 or N1a, 20 per cent are N1b. The therapeutic protocal is: for T1 lesions, lumpectomy plus radical radiotherapy, then boost dose with electrons to the axilla (24 Gy) and to the internal mammaryzone (15 Gy), and finally boost dose to the zone of the breast tumor by Iridium 192 implant therapy (25 Gy);--for T2 and T3 lesions, radiotherapy alone with a higher boost dose to the breast tumoral zone (37 Gy). The mammary tumor (or the tumoral zone) receives a total dose between 70 Gy (T1) and 90 Gy (T2 and T3). The five year results for 328 patients with at least one year follow up (actuarial calculations) yield a survival of 89 per cent T1, 84 per cent T2, and 66 per cent T3. The local recurrences are 8 per cent T1, 10 per cent T2, and 26 per cent T3; they can be rectified, under the condition of regular surveillance, by radical surgery. As to the cosmetic results, they are in one half of the cases quite good, in most others satisfactory, in a few poor. We add a prophylactic chemotherapy in the cases with high metastatic risk, i.e. T3 or N1b cases. This therapeutic protocol seems to be highly recommendable for T1 tumors, acceptable for T2, disputable for T3.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Administrative case study: the patient care area pharmacist.

The development and implementation of a patient area pharmacist position is described. Difficulties which led to the creation of this position are discussed. Primary duties of the position include improving communications with personnel in the patient care areas, reducing the work load and pressure within the pharmacy, and providing nonproduct and clinical services to health care personnel. The advantages and disadvantages of the position are discussed.

Hospital Departments↗
PubMed1976

[Semi continuous low rate irradiation by telecobalt (author's transl)].

The current status of knowledge regarding low rate telecobalt irradiation does not permit any definitive conclusions. However, it has shown that this technique of irradiation, on condition that it is given in two fractions separated by three weeks, is without major risk for healthy tissue, the tolerance of skin being particularly remarkable, and with immediate very satisfactory results on the tumour. Strict statistical comparison will be necessary, however, if a final judgment is to be made. Thus a study group of the O.E.R.T.C. has decided to undertake a comparative study between classical fractioned irradiation and semi-continuous low rate irradiation. The trial involves only cancers of the base of the tongue he has began in January 1976.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1975

Long-term parenteral nutrition in the home.

A program to train patients to self-administer total parenteral nutrition solutions at home is described. The method of training, equipment used, results obtained and the role of the pharmacist in this program are discussed.

Adolescent↗