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Biomedical subjects

W N Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to W N Cohen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Inflammatory aneurysm of the abdominal aorta.

Inflammatory aneurysms of the abdominal aorta are an uncommon variant of the arteriosclerotic variety. They are characterized by a perivascular peel of inflamed fibrous tissue. The radiographic appearance of such a case is presented.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1980

Renal allograft rejection: sonography and scintigraphy.

A total of 30 renal allograft patients who had sonographic B scanning and radionuclide studies of the transplant was studied as to whether: (1) the allograft rejection was associated with any consistent and reliable sonographic features and (2) the sonograms complemented the radionuclide studies. Focal areas of decreased parenchymal echogenicity were the most striking and consistent sonographic finding in allograft rejection. This was observed in most of the patients exhibiting moderate or severe rejection, but was frequently absent with mild rejection. Areas of decreased parenchymal echogenicity were not seen during episodes of acute tubular necrosis. Therefore, sonography showing zones of decreased parenchymal echogenicity was complementary to radionuclide studies in the diagnosis of allograft rejection versus acute tubular necrosis. Corticomedullary demarcation was difficult to interpret because of technical variables, and was inconsistently related to rejection in this series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Renal arteriovenous malformation presenting as a mass lesion.

Arteriovenous malformations of the kidney are definitively diagnosed by selective arteriography (1). The following case is unique in that it presented as an avascular mass and the lesion itself could not be demonstrated angiographically.

Angiography↗
PubMed1979

Transmission computed tomographic diagnosis of experimentally produced acute pulmonary vascular occlusion in the dog.

Acute experimental pulmonary arterial occlusions were produced in 5 dogs. The chest was subsequently imaged with computed tomography (CT), 99mTc-MAA scintigraphy, and plain radiography. Gamma images revealed all 6 lesions, and plain radiographs were uniformly negative. Enhanced CT scans demonstrated 3 of 5 lesions, and unenhanced scans revealed 1 of 6. CT findings were variable.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Transmission computed tomography, Tc-99m MAA scintigraphy, and plain chest radiography after experimentally produced acute pulmonary arterial occulusion in the dog.

We have occluded segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arteries in the dog with Swan-Ganz balloon catheters or i.v. injection of autologous clot, and have studied the chest with transmission computed tomography (TCT), Tc-99m-MAA gamma imaging, and plain radiographs. The arterial occlusions were between 1 and 5 hr old at the time of imaging. Radiographs revealed no lesions. Tc-99m MAA scanns revealed ten of 11 lesions. When a TCT image was made before i.v. injection of Renografin-60, two of 11 lesions were identified; after Renografin the score was four out of ten. The appearance of lesions on TCT was highly variable. Tc-99m-MAA gamma imaging, therefore, is far more accurate than TCT in the identification of small experimentally produced acute pulmonary arterial occlusions in the dog, and our study fails to suggest a secure place for TCT in the diagnosis of small, acute human pulmonary emboli. The commonly-held assumption that postembolic lung is oligemic is questioned.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography of the lung.

Preliminary work has shown that normal lungs have predictable CT patterns and density ranges. In emphysema, there are irregular zones of extremely low density as well as an overall low mean density. CT appears to have considerable potential for early detection of pulmonary emphysema and characterization of the degree of involvement. CT can also be useful in the study of physiological phenomena such as regional blood flow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Accuracy of CT staging of bladder neoplasms using the gas-filled method: report of 21 patients with surgical confirmation.

CT staging of bladder neoplasms is a highly accurate procedure with a proven accuracy rate of 81% and a potential accuracy rate probably above 90%. At this institution, CT staging has become a routine procedure for all patients with bladder neoplasms prior to surgery or radiotherapy as well as to follow the progress of therapy. Staging of bladder carcinoma is performed by cystoscopy with biopsy, intravenous urography, and CT of the gas-filled bladder. Of 21 patients with surgical confirmation, 17 were correctly staged solely from the CT image. Overstaging in the four errors resulted from confusion produced by normal contiguous extravesical structures and by tangential viewing of the normal bladder wall. Negative contrast allowed precise demonstration of the morphology of the intravesical portion of the tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography of gas-filled bladder: method of staging bladder neoplasms.

Current methods of staging bladder carcinoma have many disadvantages. A new method of staging bladder tumors employing computed tomography (CT) of the gas-filled bladder is presented. Representative cases are demonstrated. Direct visualization of the extent of the tumor and adjacent soft tissue structures is possible. CT scanning of the gas-filled bladder is a promising new method for staging bladder tumors and following their response to therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Gastric bypass for morbid obesity.

Gastric bypass operations have been performed on more than 500 patients at the University of Iowa for the treatment of morbid obesity. With this procedure, almost the entire small intestine remains available for absorption, and the metabolic complications which have been described after jejuno-ileal bypass surgery have not occurred. The results with regard to weight loss are encouraging.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

CT demonstration of the splenic vein-pancreatic relationship: the pseudodilated pancreatic duct.

Cross-sectional anatomy of the splenic vein-pancreatic relationship is reviewed and correlated with findings on computed tomography. A layer of fat which is normally present between the splenic vein and the pancreas may simulate a dilated pancreatic duct. Distinct demonstration of the splenic vein as a structure separate from the pancreas was possible in 43 of 86 patients studied. An additional 25% of the patients had partial or indistinct demonstration of the splenic vein. Appreciation of this normal relationship on CT is imperative to avoid misinterpretation of the fat layer as a dilated pancreatic duct. In addition, the measured size of the pancreas may be falsely overestimated by addition of the splenic vein width if the intervening fat is not identified.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed1976

Malignant thymoma with penetration into the gastrointestinal tract: report of two cases.

Two cases of thymoma, one epiithelial and one seminoma type are presented. In both instances, the thymoma infiltrated and later perforated the gastrointestinal tract by direct extension. One is the 30th reported case of thymoma with extrathoracic metastasis; this patient had metastasis to the bone marrow and kidney. Neither patient had myasthenia gravis associated with the thymic tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Cholecystokinin cholangiography and analysis of duodenal bile in the investigation of pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen without gallstones.

Thirty-one patients with recurrent symptoms of the biliary tract and repeated normal oral cholecystograms were studied by a combination of cholecystokinin cholangiography and biliary drainage. Ten patients had reduplication of their symptons because of dyskinetic contractions or obstruction of the cystic duct, and seven patients had delayed gallbladder emptying without pain due to hypokinetic contractions. Five patients had abnormal duodenal bile characterized by supersaturation and the presence of crystals or bacteria. Based upon these studies, 22 patients had cholecystectomy and 20 were cured, while two showed improvement. There were no therapeutic failures. Cholecystokinin cholangiography capably detects the presence of neuromuscular disease of the gallbladder wall, whereas the oral cholecystogram tests for mucosal function or the presence of filling defects. An additional group of patients who have cholesterosis, cholecystitis, or cholelithiasis missed by the oral cholecystogram will not be diagnosed by cholecystokinin cholangiography unless the duodenal bile is also examined.

Abdomen↗