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Biomedical subjects

W N Erber

Publications and source records attributed to W N Erber.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The use of monoclonal antibody Y1/82A in the identification of acute myeloblastic and monocytic leukemias.

A newly developed monoclonal antibody (Y1/82A), which binds a cytoplasmic antigen in peripheral blood monocytes and tissue macrophages, was tested for its ability to detect monocytic differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia, i.e., to distinguish French-American-British (FAB) groups M4 and M5 from FAB groups M1, M2, M3, M6 and M7. Staining was performed by the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunocytochemical technic on bone marrow smears from 29 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, on 17 normal peripheral blood and/or bone marrow smears, on bone marrows from 10 cases of lymphoid leukemia, and on lymph nodes of 13 patients with lymphoma. Neoplastic cells from 11 of 11 patients with either M4 or M5 leukemia had positive results, whereas only 2 out of 18 cases of M1, M2, M3, M6, and M7 leukemia had positive results. In normal samples, only peripheral blood monocytes, bone marrow macrophages, and megakaryocytes stained. Lymphoid neoplasms were unreactive. These results suggest that monoclonal antibody Y1/82A may be a useful reagent in detecting cases of M4 and M5 acute myeloid leukemia and that it offers a valuable alternative to nonspecific esterase cytochemistry.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac antigen/CD25) in hematologic neoplasms.

The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25) has been investigated in 165 cases of hematologic neoplasia by alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) labeling of cell smears using two monoclonal anti-IL-2 receptor antibodies (anti-Tac and DAKO-IL2-R). IL-2 receptor was found in 2 of 16 (13%) T-cell malignancies (1 T-ALL, 1 Sézary syndrome). In contrast, among B-cell disorders, IL-2 receptor was expressed in the majority of hairy cell leukemia cases (14 of 16, i.e., 88%) and a smaller proportion of cases of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (7 of 44, i.e., 16%), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (8 of 20, i.e., 40%), B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (3 of 5), and B-cell lymphoma (3 of 8). In addition, IL-2 receptor was present on the neoplastic cells in some cases of acute myeloid leukemia (6 of 44, i.e., 14%) and acute undifferentiated leukemia (4 of 7). IL-2 receptor (Tac antigen) expression is thus found across the spectrum of hematologic neoplasms and is not restricted to T-cell disorders. The explanation for the expression of the IL-2 receptor by such a variety of different hematologic malignancies remains unclear.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Monoclonal antibody (Y1/82A) with specificity towards peripheral blood monocytes and tissue macrophages.

A new monoclonal antibody, Y1/82A, was raised against phytohaemagglutinin activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Using an immunohistochemical technique it was shown that Y1/82A reacts against peripheral blood and bone marrow monocytes and resident macrophages from essentially all human tissues. Y1/82A bound to determinants present in leukaemic cells from patients with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia and acute monocytic leukaemia, but not to neoplastic cells from patients with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders or malignant epithelial tumours. Y1/82A failed to react with other cell types, with the exception of osteoclasts and megakaryocytes. Analysis by Western blotting showed that the antigen detected by antibody Y1/82A was associated with intracellular granules in macrophages. Monoclonal antibody Y1/82A may be useful in the diagnosis of monocytic leukaemias and histiocytic neoplasms and in the identification of macrophages in tissues from various inflammatory and neoplastic conditions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Use of monoclonal antibody against human neutrophil elastase in normal and leukaemic myeloid cells.

A monoclonal antibody, NP57, was produced and used against the neutrophil granule protein elastase, which selectively stain neutrophils in cryostat and paraffin wax sections. The antibody stains neutrophils and a subpopulation of monocytes in blood smears and neutrophil precursors in bone marrow smears, and gives positive reactions with the cell lines HL60 and U-937. It labelled the blast cells in 68% of cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (M1-M5) but was unreactive with all cases of lymphoid leukaemias. Most of the elastase negative myeloid leukaemias were labelled by monoclonal anti-myeloperoxidase (antibody MPO-7) as were cells from the promyelocytic line HL60. No cases of myeloid leukaemia showed the opposite pattern--that is elastase positive, myeloperoxidase negative, suggesting that the production of myeloperoxidase precedes the onset of elastase synthesis during myeloid maturation. The anti-elastase antibody NP57 is a useful addition to the range of monoclonal antibodies available for the differential diagnosis of acute leukaemia by alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) labelling of cell smears; it may also be of value for the histopathological diagnosis of tumour deposits in myeloid leukaemia and for the detection of neutrophils in paraffin sections.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Immunophenotyping of acute myeloid leukemia by immuno-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) labeling with a panel of antibodies.

A panel of eight antibodies was used by the alkaline-phosphatase/anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method to stain peripheral blood films, bone marrow smears, and cytocentrifuge preparations from 29 cases of acute myeloid leukemia. These findings were correlated with the French-American-British (FAB) classification. Leukemic cells from six cases of myeloblastic leukemia (FAB;M1) were predominantly labeled by the antimyeloperoxidase monoclonal antibody (MPO-7). Leukemic cells from the majority of eight cases of myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (FAB;M2) and progranulocytic leukemia (FAB;M3) stained with monoclonal antibodies MPO-7, NP57 (anti-elastase), and EBM11 (antimonocyte/macrophage). Leukemic cells from six cases of myelomonocytic (FAB;M4) and five cases of monocytic (FAB;M5) leukemia were most often labeled with antibodies MPO-7, NP57, and EBM11 as well as monoclonal antibodies Y1/82A (anti-monocyte) and KB90 (against the p150, 95 molecule, CD11c; a monocyte/granulocyte marker), but not with monoclonal antibody C17 (antiglycoprotein IIb/IIIa) and/or monoclonal antibody Y2/51 (antiglycoprotein IIIa). Erythroblasts from a single case of erythroleukemia (FAB;M6) were not labeled with any of the antibodies from this panel. Leukemic cells from two cases of acute megakaryocytic leukemia (FAB;M7) stained strongly with the monoclonal antiglycoprotein IIIa/IIb antibody (C17) and antiglycoprotein IIIa antibody (Y2/51). Staining by the APAAP method with this panel of antibodies was easy to perform, required no expensive instrumentation, and provided useful information in the classification of acute myeloid leukemia.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Immunoalkaline phosphatase labeling of terminal transferase in hematologic samples.

Early studies of terminal transferase (TdT) expression in acute leukemia indicated that this enzyme is only found in acute leukemia of lymphoblastic type (ALL). More recently, however, several reports have suggested that TdT-positive blast cells may be found in a substantial number of cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, a sensitive immunoalkaline phosphatase procedure (the APAAP technic) has been used to stain normal and neoplastic blood and bone marrow samples for TdT with the use of both polyclonal and monoclonal anti-TdT antibodies. As expected, most cases of ALL studied (63 of 65) were TdT-positive. In addition, however, blast cells in 22 out of 59 (37%) cases of AML were stained by anti-TdT antibodies. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization were seen in each type of acute leukemia. These findings, together with previous immunocytochemical and biochemical studies, suggest that a substantial number of cases of AML express TdT (usually in a minority of blast cells) and that the frequency with which these cases are detected is directly related to the sensitivity of the staining technic used.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Detection of cells of megakaryocyte lineage in haematological malignancies by immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling cell smears with a panel of monoclonal antibodies.

Immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining (by the APAAP technique) has been used to identify promegakaryoblasts in cell smears from 10 cases of leukaemia (three acute leukaemia, seven blast transformations). In all cases promegakaryoblasts were labelled by at least two anti-platelet glycoprotein (gp) antibodies, the highest percentages being obtained with anti-gp IIIa (antibody C17). HLA-DR was expressed by a variable percentage of neoplastic cells in all cases, the T11 (CD2) antigen (sheep red cell receptor) in four of seven cases tested and the p150,95 antigen in three of the six cases tested. In some cases of acute myeloid leukaemia APAAP staining of blood smears revealed circulating promegakaryoblasts and micromegakaryocytes (which superficially resemble small lymphoid cells). It is concluded that immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining of cell smears offers a convenient means of diagnosing acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia in the routine laboratory.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Circulating micromegakaryocytes in myelodysplasia.

The alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunocytochemical staining technique was used to look for circulating cells of megakaryocyte lineage in peripheral blood smears from 67 cases of myelodysplasia. Small numbers of micromegakaryocytes positive for platelet glycoprotein IIIa were found in 23 cases. These cells superficially resemble small lymphoid cells and are hence difficult or impossible to recognise in conventional Romanowsky stained smears. Circulating micromegakaryocytes were found most commonly in more aggressive types of myelodysplasia (such as refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) and refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-t], and their presence may therefore indicate a poor prognosis. Because of the simplicity of this immunocytochemical labelling technique, it could be of wide use in the initial assessment of patients with myelodysplasia, and possibly for the early detection of acute leukaemic transformation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Value of monoclonal anti-CD22 (p135) antibodies for the detection of normal and neoplastic B lymphoid cells.

Two monoclonal antibodies (To15 and 4KB128) specific for the B cell-associated CD22 antigen (135,000 mol wt) are described. On immunoenzymatic analysis of cryostat tissue sections, these antibodies strongly label both mantle zone and germinal center B lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid follicles (and also scattered extrafollicular lymphoid cells) but are unreactive with other cell types (with the exception of weak reactivity with some epithelioid histiocytes). These reactions differ from those of monoclonal antibodies B1 and B2 (anti-CD20 and CD21) but are similar to those of the pan-B antibody B4 (anti-CD19). One of the anti-CD22 antibodies (To15) has been tested extensively by immunoenzymatic labeling on greater than 350 neoplastic lymphoid and hematological samples. The CD22 antigen was found in tissue sections in most B cell-derived neoplasms, the major exceptions being myeloma (all cases negative) and a small proportion of high-grade lymphoma (6% of cases negative). In cell smears, the antigen could be found on neoplastic cells in most B cell lymphoproliferative disorders, including common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (90% positive) and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (89% positive). We conclude that anti-CD22 antibodies are of value for identification of human B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (especially when used in conjunction with anti-CD19 antibodies). Previous reports that the CD22 antigen is absent from many B cell neoplasms are probably due to its being expressed within the cytoplasm of immature B cells rather than on their surface.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

APAAP labelling of blood and bone-marrow samples for phenotyping leukaemia.

The reliability of labelling routinely prepared air-dried peripheral-blood and bone-marrow smears with the alkaline-phosphatase/anti-alkaline-phosphatase (APAAP) method for phenotyping leukaemias was evaluated in 259 cases of haematological malignancy. All the cellular markers currently used in leukaemia diagnosis could be detected with this technique. Since the technique can be used on blood and marrow smears even after storage or postal transport, it is suggested that APAAP labelling should become the method of choice for immunophenotyping neoplastic samples in many haematology laboratories not equipped with specialised immunological diagnostic facilities. The method should also be valuable for epidemiological studies of leukaemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of hairy cell leukaemia. An immunocytochemical study of 36 cases.

The phenotype of 36 cases of hairy cell leukaemia has been investigated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with normal human lymphoid cells and with hairy cells. Staining was performed on frozen sections and/or cell smears by the recently developed APAAP immuno-alkaline phosphatase procedure. In about 90% of cases, neoplastic cells reacted strongly with antibodies against HLA-DR, leucocyte common antigen, B-cells (antibodies B1 and To15), hairy-associated antigens (antibodies KB-90, S-HCL3, HC2) and activated T-lymphocytes (antibodies anti-Tac and Tü69). The phenotype of 10% of cases was clearly different in that the neoplastic cells were negative or only weakly positive for one or more of the antigens recognized by HC2, anti-Tac and Tü69. Antibody HC1 reacted with tumour cells of only 50% of the hairy cell leukaemia cases investigated. Monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (which selectively detects proliferating cells) stained only a low percentage of cells in all but three of the cases studied. The neoplastic cells in all cases were unreactive with monoclonal antibodies anti-Leu1, Tü1, Tü33 and a meshwork of follicular dendritic cells was consistently absent from tissues infiltrated by hairy cells. The immunological phenotype associated with hairy cell leukaemia was not observed in any case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, suggesting that it represents a unique type of B-cell neoplasm.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

A new monoclonal antibody (KB61) recognizing a novel antigen which is selectively expressed on a subpopulation of human B lymphocytes.

The present paper describes a new monoclonal antibody (KB61) raised against hairy cell leukaemia cells. Antibody KB61 recognizes a molecule of approximately 40,000 molecular weight on human B cells. It reacts with B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, in primary lymphoid follicles, in the mantle zone of secondary follicles, in interfollicular areas and in splenic marginal zone areas. However, germinal centre lymphoid cells do not express the antigen recognized by antibody KB61. The antibody shows limited reactivity outside the lymphoid system, i.e. polymorphs, tissue macrophages endothelial cells in the hepatic sinusoids. Antibody KB61 discriminates between different types of B-cell malignancies, reacting with the neoplastic cells in hairy cell leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (of B-cell type), prolymphocytic leukaemia and centrocytic lymphoma, but not with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, germinal centre-derived lymphomas (other than centrocytic), Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma. Antibody KB61 may be of value in the study of B-cell subpopulations and in the differential diagnosis of B-cell neoplasms.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Detection of metastatic tumour cells in routine bone marrow smears by immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling with monoclonal antibodies.

The present study describes 11 cases (10 carcinomas, one rhabdomyosarcoma) in which immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling with monoclonal antibodies was used to demonstrate metastatic cells in routine smears of aspirated bone marrow. Carcinoma cells were detected using antibodies against epithelial cytokeratins, milk fat globule membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells with monoclonal anti-desmin. In four of the carcinoma cases it had not been possible to identify malignant cells in routinely stained marrow smears, whilst the case of disseminated rhabdomyosarcoma had initially been diagnosed (and treated) as a case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The anti-cytokeratin antibody was found to be the most valuable of the anti-epithelial reagents used, since it labelled malignant cells in all of the 10 cases of carcinoma and gave the strongest reactions. These results suggest that immunocytochemical labelling should be used in cases of suspected carcinoma whenever conventional examination of marrow smears yields negative results, and furthermore (as illustrated by the case of rhabdomyosarcoma) that the technique is of value for identifying the true nature of poorly differentiated neoplasms in bone marrow.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Human lymphoid cells express epithelial membrane antigen. Implications for diagnosis of human neoplasms.

Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) is generally assumed to be expressed only on epithelial cells. However, EMA was also found on reactive and neoplastic plasma cells, on some non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (particularly cases of T-cell lymphoma and "malignant histiocytosis"), and on Reed-Sternberg cells in cases of lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease. EMA was also induced on normal blood lymphocytes by exposure to human T-lymphotropic virus type II or phytohaemagglutinin. The specificity of these aberrant reactions was confirmed by the use of three different monoclonal anti-EMA antibodies (E29, HMFG2, and LICR.LON/M8), and by showing that EMA in lymphoid tissue is similar in molecular weight to EMA in human milk. These results indicate that additional anti-epithelial antibodies (eg, anti-cytokeratins) should be used in conjunction with anti-EMA for tumour diagnosis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Immunocytochemical detection of T and B cell populations in routine blood smears.

Immunofluorescence labelling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells is usually done on cells in suspension. This paper describes a procedure based on immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining of routine blood smears. The advantages of this method are that a few drops of blood are sufficient for labelling multiple lymphocyte subpopulations; smears may be stored for long periods before labelling; it is unnecessary to isolate a mononuclear cell fraction before labelling; labelled preparations can be stored; and the morphological features of labelled cells are shown clearly. The technique was used to label T cells and their subsets, B cells, and HLA-DR antigen in blood smears from 15 normal donors, from 7 patients with infectious mononucleosis, from 1 patient with clinically proven AIDS, and from 1 symptom-free subject at risk of AIDS. The normal T helper/suppressor ratio of 1 X 95 was reversed in all of the last three groups of subjects, the mean being 0 X 34 for infectious mononucleosis; the value was 0 X 22 in the AIDS patients. Immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling of routine blood smears seems to be a valuable method for studying abnormalities in circulating lymphocyte subpopulations and lends itself to mass screening for altered T helper and T suppressor subjects-for example, in blood donors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Immunoenzymatic labeling of monoclonal antibodies using immune complexes of alkaline phosphatase and monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP complexes).

A murine monoclonal antibody specific for calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase has been prepared and used in an unlabeled antibody bridge technique for labeling monoclonal antibodies. This procedure--the alkaline phosphatase monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method--gives excellent immunocytochemical labeling of tissue sections and cell smears, comparable in clarity and intensity to that achieved with immunoperoxidase labeling. If the enzyme label is developed with a naphthol salt as a coupling agent and Fast Red or hexazotized new fuchsin as a capture agent, a vivid red reaction product is obtained which is very easily detected by the human eye. For this reason the APAAP technique was found particularly suitable for labeling cell smears (for both cytoplasmic and surface-membrane antigens) and for detecting low numbers of antigen-bearing cells in a specimen (e.g., carcinoma cells in a malignant effusion). It was found possible to enhance the intensity of the APAAP labeling reaction substantially by repeating the second and third incubation steps (i.e., the unlabelled "bridge" antibody and APAAP complexes). The APAAP technique was superior to immunoperoxidase labeling for staining tissues rich in endogenous peroxidase, and could be used in conjunction with immunoperoxidase methods for double immunoenzymatic staining. The method was also applicable to the detection of antigenic molecules following their electrophoretic transfer from SDS-polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets ("immunoblotting").

Alkaline Phosphatase↗