Biomedical subjects

W Ono

Publications and source records attributed to W Ono.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Analysis of calcium deposits in calcific periarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if hydroxyapatite (HAP), octacalcuim phosphate (OCP), or tricalcium phosphate (TCP) can be found in the calcium deposits in calcific periarthritis. METHODS: Thirty-six specimens from 34 patients who had acute inflammation and roentgenographically recognized calcification in soft tissue were analyzed. Twenty-three patients with calcific tendinitis in the shoulder and 11 with calcific periarthritis at other sites were included. We prepared 2 kinds of samples from each specimen; a dried sample (washed and dried calcific deposit), and a sample heated to 1,000 degrees C. All were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for calcium and phosphorus molar ratio. Synthetic HAP was used as the control in each analysis. RESULTS: The X-ray diffraction patterns of all dried samples were similar to those of HAP and carbonate apatite. We found no diffraction patterns of OCP or TCP. However, an OH- group at 3570cm(-1) was observed with Raman spectroscopy for samples heated to 1,000 degrees C and synthetic HAP, but not for the dried samples. Infrared absorption spectroscopy also confirmed an OH- group for samples heated to 1,000 degrees C and synthetic HAP, and confirmed that dried samples contained carbonate. CONCLUSION: Calcium deposits are composed of carbonate apatite. HAP, OCP, and TCP were not identified in any deposits.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Nondiffuse fatty change of the liver: discerning pseudotumor on MR images enhanced with ferumoxides-initial observations.

PURPOSE: To clarify the findings of nondiffuse fatty change of the liver on ferumoxides-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 202 patients who underwent ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging, eight who had nondiffuse fatty change of the liver at computed tomography (CT) were examined as study subjects. MR imaging findings before and 1 hour after ferumoxides administration were compared with CT findings. RESULTS: Focal fatty areas of the liver showing low attenuation on CT images were depicted as areas of relatively high intensity on the ferumoxides-enhanced T1-weighted images in all patients. On enhanced T2-weighted images, focal fatty change showed relatively high intensity in three and isointensity in one of the four patients. Focal spared areas appearing as areas of relatively high attenuation on CT images were depicted as areas of relatively low intensity on the ferumoxides-enhanced T1- and T2-weighted images in all patients. CONCLUSION: Although prior reports of hepatic MR imaging with ferumoxides indicated that there is accumulation of ferumoxides within focal fatty areas that are no longer seen after the administration of contrast medium, this study revealed that focal fatty change and focal spared areas of fatty liver may be pseudotumors because of the relatively high intensity of fatty areas of the liver. Radiologists can distinguish these conditions from hepatic tumors by using the opposed-phase gradient-echo sequence or the fat-saturation technique.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Osteomyelitis].

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Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1998

Serum nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase activity; elevated levels in osteoarthritis, calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease, scleroderma, and fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: Quantification of serum nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPPHase) activity in healthy subjects and in patients with various rheumatic diseases or with quad/hemiplegia, hemodialysis, or renal transplant. METHODS: Colorimetric assay of enzyme activity in serum. RESULTS: Serum NTPPHase activity in 85 healthy subjects was independent of age or sex and was highly reproducible in each individual. The biologic and methodologic coefficients of variation were nearly identical. Elevated enzyme levels were found in sera from patients with osteoarthritis/spondylosis, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition, scleroderma, fibromyalgia, or hemodialysis. Renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine had the highest enzyme activity of any group, whereas transplant patients not taking this drug had normal levels. Histograms of values in all groups showed a normal distribution. CONCLUSION: Serum NTPPHase activity levels were significantly elevated in patients with degenerative arthritis whether or not CPPD crystals were present, in patients with either scleroderma or fibromyalgia, and in patients receiving hemodialysis therapy or taking cyclosporine.

Chondrocalcinosis↗

PubMed1997

MR cholangiopancreatography and MR urography: improved enhancement with a negative oral contrast agent.

At magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatography and MR urography with an oral negative contrast agent, low signal intensity was produced in phantoms. In 20 patients suspected of having biliary tract and pancreatic diseases and in 20 healthy volunteers, the signal intensity in the gastrointestinal tract was almost completely eliminated with the negative contrast agent. Differences in image quality between pre- and postcontrast images were statistically significant.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1997

Nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in human synovial fluid.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the molecular forms of ectonucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPPHase) in human synovial fluid (SF). METHODS: We examined synovial fluids from 32 patients with various joint diseases [10 calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease; 7 osteoarthritis (OA); 6 rheumatoid arthritis (RA); 3 after total knee arthroplasty (TKA); 6 olecranon bursa] and 3 normal joint fluids. Joint fluids were analyzed after sequential centrifugation for NTPPHase activity and by Western blot using polyclonal antibodies against 127 kDa porcine articular cartilage vesicle-associated NTPPHase and against PC-1 and 58 kDa, 2 other ecto-NTPPHases. Lysate from human synoviocytes, porcine chondrocytes, and their conditioned media were examined using antibodies to these ecto-NTPPHases. Radiographs of joints from which fluid was obtained were graded for degenerative changes 0-4 using a standard method. RESULTS: NTPPHase activity was found in all pathological and normal SF tested and correlated with the degree of radiographic degeneration (r = 0.55, p < 0.05). NTPPHase specific activity in ultracentrifugation pellets was highest in CPPD deposition disease fluids (p < 0.05). 127 kDa enzyme was found in both sedimentable and soluble fractions from CPPD, OA, TKA, and normal fluids, and was extensively degraded in all inflammatory fluids. Intact 115 kDa PC-1 was found only in the 2 CPPD fluids with the highest NTPPHase activity. 58 kDa enzyme was found in most fluids, predominantly in the soluble fraction. 127 kDa protein was identified in human synoviocyte conditioned media but not in cell lysate, while PC-1 and 58 kDa proteins were found in the cell lysate but not in the conditioned media. CONCLUSION: There was no disease specific association with any one ecto-NTPPHase. Total enzyme activity correlated with the degree of degenerative change. The specific activity of pelletable 127 kDa enzyme was higher in fluids containing CPPD crystals. All 3 ecto-NTPPHases or their presumed degradation products were detectable in some pathologic and normal fluids. A 200 kDa reactive band often accompanied reactivity to the 127 kDa enzyme. PC-1 and 127 kDa proteins were extensively degraded in inflammatory SF, while 58 kDa protein was not. The relative contribution of each of these enzymes to inorganic pyrophosphate production by human joint tissues remains unclear.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Calcification of cervical ligamentum flavum--analysis of calcium compounds and histopathological findings].

We operated 3 patients with cervical myelopathy due to calcification of ligamentum flavum (CLF). Specimens collected surgically were subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy (Raman) analysis and also histopathological examination. The calcium compounds deposited were calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) in Case 1, apatite in Case 2, and a double-layer structure with an outer CPPD layer and an inner carbonate apatite layer in Case 3. Histopathologically, CPPD deposition in Case 1 could be distinguished from apatite deposition in Case 2 and 3 by hematoxylin-eosin stain. Chondrocytes were observed in all 3 cases, suggesting the chondrocytes may have played a role in calcification in these three cases. To date, 62 cases of CLF (including the present cases) have been reported, and analysis of calcium compound has been performed for 29 of them. Of these 29, 15 were analyzed as calcium phosphate compounds, 9 as CPPD and 4 cases as mixed crystals like Case 3. However the analysis method and result about CPPD are no problem, the analysis result of calcium phosphate compounds depends on the using methods. Calcium phosphate or undetectable compounds was identified by XRD as hydroxyapatite (HAp), and by FTIR as calcium phosphate or undetectable compound. Analysis of calcium phosphate compounds should be condacted and identified by XRD, FTIR, and Raman. We propose two possible mechanisms for the formation of the double-layer structure in Case 3: one is formation of apatite first followed by deposition of CPPD outside, and the other is formation of CPPD first followed by conversion of CPPD in the central region to apatite. What the process of formation of the double-layer was in this cases remains unclear.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Identification of a nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase from articular tissues in human serum.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPPHase) in human serum. METHODS: NTPPHase activity and kinetic analysis were performed using thymidine monophosphate paranitrophenyl ester (TMPNP) or 32Pgamma-labeled ATP as substrate. Sera were chromatographed (dye column), and peak fractions were analyzed kinetically and by immunoblot using antibodies to 127-kd articular cartilage vesicle (ACV) NTPPHase as well as to PC-1 and to 58 kd, two plasma membrane ecto-NTPPHases. Enzyme activity was measured before and after sample ultracentrifugation. RESULTS: NTPPHase activity was found in all sera tested (2 normal subjects, 9 arthritis patients). Specific activity was increased 9-32-fold after chromatography; 60-80% of total activity was recovered in a single peak containing an approximately 100-kd soluble peptide related to the 127-kd ACV enzyme. The apparent Km of this peptide (TMPNP) was virtually identical to that of the porcine ACV 127-kd enzyme. No immunoreactivity against PC-1 or 58-kd NTPPHase was found. CONCLUSION: Human serum NTPPHase is derived from 127-kd ACV-related enzyme.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Optimal dose of hepatobiliary contrast agent for MR cholangiography: experimental study in rats.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the optimal dose of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) for cholangiography in conventional T1-weighted imaging. We divided 30 rats into three dose groups (3, 10, and 30 micromol/kg). For the in vitro study, we collected bile and measured the concentration of gadolinium in bile after Gd-EOB-DTPA injection. T1-weighted images of the collected bile were obtained for measurement of signal intensity. For the in vivo study, we obtained T1-weighted images before and after injection and evaluated bile duct/liver contrast by the signal intensity ratio and visual assessment of the images. The gadolinium concentration had an early peak; however, the signal intensity of the bile had a later peak because of the high gadolinium concentration during the early phase, which induced a T2-shortening effect. Optimal bile duct/liver contrast was obtained in the 10-micromol/kg groups at all time points. We conclude that the optimal dose of Gd-EOB-DTPA for MR cholangiography in rats is 10 micromol/kg, one-third of the dose used in liver imaging.

Animals↗