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Biomedical subjects

W P Jordan

Publications and source records attributed to W P Jordan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clinical evaluation of the contact sensitization potential of a transdermal nicotine system (Nicoderm)

BACKGROUND: Transdermal nicotine therapy has shown promise as a smoking cessation aid, but questions about its contact sensitization potential and long-term topical safety have been raised. The purpose of this study was to determine the contact sensitization potential of one nicotine transdermal system (Nicoderm, Marion Merrell Dow Inc, Kansas City, Mo, and ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif) in a population who were allowed to continue smoking. METHODS: This study comprised two phases separated by a 2-week rest interval. During phase 1, a 42-day open-label induction period, subjects wore only active transdermal nicotine systems. During phase 2, a 4-day double-blind challenge period, subjects wore active and placebo systems concurrently. Upon removal of each patch, skin sites were evaluated for signs of irritation, and subjective complaints such as itching or burning were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 186 subjects completing the study, 3 (1.6%) exhibited evidence of delayed contact sensitization manifested as erythema with or without infiltration and confined solely to sites of active transdermal nicotine system application. Nonallergic skin irritation was observed in less than 3% of all applications. All reactions resolved without incident. No subjects developed systemic reactions. CONCLUSIONS: The transdermal nicotine system used in this trial had a low contact sensitization incidence and was well tolerated topically with minimal irritation.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1990

Pressure dermatitis from an implanted pacemaker.

In this eleventh report of dermatitis conforming to the outline of an underlying pacemaker, the authors suggest that most of these reactions are isomorphic responses to expansion of the subcutaneous tissues by the hard device. Allergic contact dermatitis has been documented in a few cases.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Mesencephalic reticular formation lesions made after habituation training abolish long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response in rats.

Lesions to the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) in rats severely attenuate the acquisition of long-term habituation of the startle response when the lesions are made prior to habituation training. The present experiments extend the finding of habituation deficits to animals with MRF damage made after the animals have habituated to an auditory stimulus. Following habituation training, some animals received lesions to the MRF. The startle amplitudes of these animals immediately changed from control levels to levels indistinguishable from those of animals that never habituated across days--animals with MRF lesions made prior to habituation training. The mechanism responsible for long-term habituation appears to be a progressive increase in activity within a long-term habituation pathway extrinsic to the reflex circuit for the startle response, but the synaptic mechanisms responsible for this change are unknown.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1988

DERM/INFONET: a concept becomes a reality.

The DERMatology INFOrmation NETwork (DERM/INFONET) of the American Academy of Dermatology has become a reality. DERM/INFONET consists of a number of data bases providing information and educational programs for the dermatologist. Currently the components are: DERM/MLS (Medical Literature Search), DERM/RX (dermatologic therapy), DERM/USP (United States Pharmacopeia data base), DERM/ALLERGENS (Food and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency Listings of allergens); Melanoma Prognosis Model; Electronic Mail; Bulletin Board; Meetings Calendar; ICD/CPT (International Classification of Diseases/Current Procedural Terminology) codes; AAD Membership/Committee Directories; and Dermatology Quiz. Additional data bases are planned. As audiovisual and alphanumeric communication systems evolve, newer opportunities for enhancing the DERM/INFONET Biomedical Communication Network will undoubtedly provide even greater opportunities for aiding the dermatologist in delivering state-of-the art management for their patients.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1987

Clinical effects of diaper types on the skin of normal infants and infants with atopic dermatitis.

Cloth diapers, cellulose core diapers (conventional disposable diapers), and cellulose core diapers containing absorbent gelling material were examined for their effects on diaper rash and skin microbiology of normal infants and infants with atopic dermatitis in a 26-week double-blind clinical trial. Infants with atopic dermatitis wearing the diapers containing absorbent gelling material had significantly lower diaper rash grades than infants with atopic dermatitis wearing cloth diapers at five of eight grading visits. Infants with atopic dermatitis wearing conventional cellulose core diapers had statistically less rash at one of eight visits. There was no statistically significant difference between diaper types at three of the eight visits. At no time did the cloth group have less diaper rash than the conventional cellulose or absorbent gelling material disposable diaper group. A statistical correlation between the severity of general atopic dermatitis outside the diaper area and the diaper rash condition under the diaper occurred only in the atopic dermatitis group wearing cloth diapers. Isolation of microorganisms from the intact, uninvolved skin surface both inside and outside the diaper showed no biologically significant changes in the presence or numbers of selected skin organisms. Repeated isolation, at multiple grading visits of Staphylococcus aureus from uncompromised skin inside the diaper area was infrequent but correlated with the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis when observed.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1987

Clinical and microbial effects of cloth, cellulose core, and cellulose core/absorbent gel diapers in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inherited cutaneous inflammatory condition which may affect 10% of infants. Persons with this diathesis are more susceptible to irritants and to superficial infections. Little is known about diaper rash and diapering materials in AD. In this study we set firm criteria to identify a large group of infants with AD for comparison with a nonatopic, normal control group in terms of severity of diaper dermatitis; relationship of diaper dermatitis to diaper materials; and influence of modifying factors (bacterial and candidal colonization/infection, diarrhea, antibiotics, other illnesses, food allergy or intolerance). Babies with eczema were recruited and, from a group of 2,443 respondents, 87 satisfied carefully defined criteria for atopic dermatitis. A similarly sized (90) control group matched for age, sex, and weight was selected for absence of features of atopy or familial atopic history. Infants were assigned into balanced subgroups wearing cloth diapers, conventional cellulose diapers, or diapers containing cellulose and absorbent gelling material (AGM). Assessment of grading for atopic parameters showed statistically significant differences between the AD and normal groups at every visit. Mean diaper rash grades, as assessed by the same physicians at each visit, were significantly higher in the AD group wearing cloth diapers compared with those in AGM subgroups at five of eight visits. There was significant correlation between AD severity and diaper rash scores overall and in the AD cloth group, but not in other subgroups. Quantitative total bacterial plate counts were significantly lower in AGM than cloth diaper areas on three of eight sampling periods in the AD group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cellulose↗
PubMed1987

Atypical fibroxanthoma in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum.

A 3-year-old boy with xeroderma pigmentosum developed a papule on the right ala nasi that had the light-microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of atypical fibroxanthoma. This lesion most commonly arises on the sun-exposed skin of older adults. The occurrence of an atypical fibroxanthoma in such a patient adds weight to the concept that this tumor of "fibrohistiocytic" origin is induced by ultraviolet exposure. Mechanisms of tumor formation in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum may be similar to those occurring in the more typical situation in adults.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Herpes zoster as a sign of AIDS-related complex.

Herpes zoster has recently been reported in young patients with risk factors for AIDS. In high-risk patients under age 55, herpes may be the first manifestation of AIDS or AIDS-related complex. Dissemination of zoster does not appear to be greatly increased in this group, but corticosteroid therapy should be withheld.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1986

DERM/INFONET achieves "very friendly" status.

DERM/INFONET, a group of dermatologic data bases, has been reorganized for easy log-ons and log-offs, plus fast, unambiguous selections from simplified menus. DERM/RX and DERM/PHARM data bases are dermatologic exclusives. The medical literature search will retrieve the most unencumbered dermatologic information for both the academician and clinician for getting the day's work done.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1986

Regulation of the circadian clock in the Aplysia eye: mimicry of neural action by serotonin.

In Aplysia, activity of efferent fibers in the optic nerve can influence the circadian clock in the eye. In addition, serotonin (5-HT) is present in the eye and influences the function of the clock. Accordingly, we hypothesized that 5-HT is the transmitter of the optic efferents, and tested the prediction that exogenous 5-HT would mimic the action of the optic efferents on the clock. We also tested the prediction that the action of the efferents would be prevented by blocking synaptic secretions with high Mg2+, low Ca2+ (HMLC). Activity of the optic efferents enhances clock resetting in response to the onset of darkness. We used this neural enhancement as a measure of neural action on the eye clock. We found that HMLC blocked neural enhancement. Serotonin enhanced resetting to the same extent as efferent activity. Enhancement by 5-HT did not summate with neural enhancement. High concentrations of 5-HT ([5-HT] greater than or equal to 6 X 10(-4) did not cause enhancement. High concentrations of 5-HT also blocked neural enhancement. Enhancement by 5-HT depended on the phase of drug application, much as neural enhancement depends on the phase of neural activity. Enhancement by 5-HT depended on day length in a manner similar to the enhancement by neural activity. HMLC did not block the facilitatory action of 5-HT. Several other transmitters that may be active in the eye did not enhance resetting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Prostatic lymphography.

Direct intraprostatic injection of ethiodol was done in 12 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy to visualize lymphatic drainage of the prostate gland. In all 12 patients lymphatics of the prostate could be visualized well. The findings of our study indicate that the prostate mainly drains through 3 sets of lymphatics: 1) the main and important set of lymphatics starts from the superolateral angle of the prostate and courses along the lateral pelvic wall to drain into the internal iliac lymph nodes, 2) some lymphatics drain into the lymph nodes in the presacral area and 3) in 45% of the patients lymphatics from the apex of the prostate travel along the course of the internal pudendal vessels to the internal iliac lymph nodes. From the internal iliac lymph nodes the drainage is to the common iliac lymph nodes and, finally, to the lumbar lymph nodes. Each lateral lobe of the prostate drains mainly into the ipsilateral group of lymph nodes with little crossover of lymphatics to the opposite side. All patients tolerated the procedure well and there were no complication during or after the procedure. We believe that this procedure is a safe, simple and direct method to visualize lymphatic drainage of the human prostate gland.

Ethiodized Oil↗
PubMed1979

Threshold responses in formaldehyde-sensitive subjects.

Patch tests with three low concentrations of formaldehyde were applied continuously in formaldehyde-sensitive subjects for 1 wk. The closed patch test method produced a response to 30 parts per million (ppm) in some subjects by 120 continuous hours of testing. Thirteen subjects then sprayed a 30-ppm formaldehyde solution in an axilla on a double-blind, controlled, 2-wk-use test. Their responses to 30 ppm aqueous formaldehyde indicate that levels below this concentration should be tolerated by sensitive subjects if repeatedly applied to normal skin. Popular formaldehyde-releasing preservatives can be above or below this threshold-eliciting response.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Nickel feeding in nickel-sensitive patients with hand eczema.

Ten women with vesicular hand eczema and delayed hypersensitivity to nickel were given 0.5 mg nickel supplements to their diets. The double-blind controlled supplements were given on Monday and Tuesday of each week for at least 1 month. The nickel supplement was lower than that used in previous studies, and only one subject had reproducible flaring of her vesicular dermatitis. We conclude that dietary restriction of nickel is not warranted based on nickel supplement studies, but nickel's role in hand eczema could be clarified by depleting nickel from body stores with chelating agents.

Acute Disease↗