Correspondence re: S. Yamamoto et al., Specific p53 gene mutations in urinary bladder epithelium after the Chernobyl accident. Cancer Res., 59: 3606-3609, 1999.
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Epithelium↗
Biomedical subjects
W Paile
Publications and source records attributed to W Paile.
[Adverse effects of ionizing radiation].
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DNA↗
Domestic radon exposure and the frequency of stable or unstable chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes.
PURPOSE: To clarify the relationship between domestic radon exposure and the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations, stable translocations especially, in peripheral blood lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised a total of 84 nonsmoking individuals, divided into three groups according to radon concentration measurements performed in their homes: low radon concentration (<100Bq/m3, mean 67Bq/m3), medium (200-400Bq/m3, mean 293Bq/m3) or high (>800Bq/m3, mean 1737Bq/m3). Minimum residence in the present low-rise house was 10 years. The groups were matched with regard to age, gender and medical exposure. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using chromosome paints for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4; 1500 metaphases were scored from each individual. RESULTS: Equal frequencies of translocations and also other aberrations, e.g. dicentrics and complex rearrangements, were obtained in each group. Significant correlation of translocations with age was observed, and due to the high mean age (50 years) the genome-corrected frequency of translocations was high: about one translocation in 100 metaphases. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic exposure to high concentrations of domestic radon did not increase the rate of stable or unstable chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes detected by FISH chromosome painting. A strong age effect was observed.
Adult↗
Biodosimetry after accidental radiation exposure by conventional chromosome analysis and FISH.
A 137Cs source was stolen from a radioactive waste depository in Estonia on 21 October 1994 and kept in a private house for 4 weeks. This resulted in the death of one person, acute radiation injuries to four people and exposure of several other people to lower doses of radiation. Analysis of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes was used in the assessment of radiation exposure of 18 people involved in the accident. Dose estimation assessment based on the frequencies of dicentric chromosomes was performed both by the standard method and by considering possible dose protraction and non-uniform exposure. Considerable differences in dose estimates were obtained depending on the approach used, ranging from about 1 Gy to almost 3 Gy in the patients most heavily exposed. In view of the deterministic health effects observed in some of the subjects, it was concluded that the dose estimates involving information on dose protraction were more realistic than those obtained by comparison with the standard high dose-rate calibration curve. Chromosome painting analyses using fluorescence in situ hybridization, with a probe cocktail for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 and centromere detection, were performed in parallel. Good agreement on dicentric chromosome frequencies was observed between the conventional and painting analyses. The frequencies of complete translocations were comparable with the frequencies of dicentric chromosomes. In addition to the complete translocations, a pronounced increase in the frequency of incomplete translocations was observed. Dose estimates performed on the basis of FISH translocation frequencies were consistent with the dicentric analysis.
Adolescent↗
Thyroid ultrasound findings 7 years after the Chernobyl accident. A comparative epidemiological study in the Bryansk region of Russia.
AIMS: The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station occurred in April 1986. We report on a comparative epidemiological study on thyroid abnormalities in the contaminated and uncontaminated populations of the Bryansk region, South-West Russia, in 1993, 7 years after the accident. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study material consisted of all inhabitants aged 3-34 years in the contaminated village of Mirnyi and in the uncontaminated village of Krasnyi Rog, excluding those who had moved to the villages after the accident. The total material comprised 302 inhabitants in Mirnyi and 200 in Krasnyi Rog. RESULTS: No pathological US findings in either village were found in children born after the accident. In the age group 0-9 years old at the time of the accident, the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities was 8.1% in the contaminated village compared to 1.6% in the uncontaminated village. In the age group 10-27 years the corresponding figures were 18.8% and 17.7%. Only 55% of the pathological US findings were detected by physical palpation. CONCLUSION: The total prevalence of thyroid abnormalities was higher among children in the contaminated village. We recommend an active screening of young contaminated subjects with US, supplemented with fine needle biopsy.
Adolescent↗
Detailed kinetic analysis of Shay chloroleukaemia cell population propagated in permanent suspension culture in vitro.
Detailed kinetic analysis of a growing cell population is difficult, even when assay conditions are nearly ideal. Therefore, it is usually essential to perform several types of experiments and analyse all the results in terms of a mathematical model, the use of which is not limited a priori by a specified application. In the present study we investigated cell population kinetics using rat chloroleukaemia cells propagated in suspension culture in vitro. The parameters were measured: doubling time of the population, fraction of labelled mitoses, changes in labelling index with time after pulse labelling, continuous labelling and stathmokinetic index. Analysis of the results was based on a computer program CECAM, which is a stochastic model capable of simulating essentially all types of kinetic experiments based on presently known assay techniques. The results showed that precise and reliable information on cell population kinetics could not be obtained from the analysis of any single type of experimental data. In particular, the technique of labelled mitoses underestimated the duration of the G1 phase, owing to subtle label-induced changes in population behaviour. These changes could not have been detected with any certainty without rigorous quantitative comparisons with other types of experimental data. As a whole, however, results obtained by the different techniques were in agreement and the kinetic behaviour of chloroleukaemia cells in vitro could be established in detail. In certain circumstances even minute changes in the kinetic parameters of the cells can modify population behaviour drastically. To study these cases adequately the experiments must be designed with utmost care, preferably with the aid of preceding simulations. This is because demonstration of small primary changes in population kinetics may be beyond the limit of detection of any single assay method.
Animals↗
Granulocytic chalone is not a polyamine complex.
Recent studies have indicated that tissue extracts may contain sufficient amounts of free polyamines to account for the inhibitory effect of the extracts and hence mask any authentic chalone action. It has also been reported that bound polyamine may be the active moiety of some chalones. We show here that in our granulocytic and lymphocytic chalones polyamines, either free or bound, are not responsible for the inhibitory effects of the preparation.
Animals↗