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Biomedical subjects

W Peterson

Publications and source records attributed to W Peterson.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

A systematic review of the safety of topical therapies for atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: The safety of topical therapies for atopic dermatitis (AD), a common and morbid disease, has recently been the focus of increased scrutiny, adding confusion as how best to manage these patients. OBJECTIVES: The objective of these systematic reviews was to determine the safety of topical therapies for AD. METHODS: Databases searched included: OVID Medline, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. In addition to the articles identified by this search, investigators were also referred to a list of links (most recently updated 25 September 2005) to recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) studies, reports and meetings regarding the topical calcineurin inhibitors for further potential references. Only fully published papers available in English and data obtained from FDA sites were included. Furthermore, the criteria for inclusion and exclusion for each systematic review were further evaluated at a meeting of all of the content and evidence-based medicine experts participating in this process and alteration of the inclusion criteria was done at that time when it was felt necessary to avoid inclusion of lower-quality data in the review. Qualitative review of the abstracted data was performed and reviewed at a meeting of all of the content and evidence-based medicine experts. RESULTS: While systemic exposure to these topical agents does occur, physiological changes appear to be uncommon and systemic complications rare and have only been found with use of topical corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the data that are available the overall safety of AD therapies appears to be good with the only documented systemic side-effects of therapy those occasionally seen with use of topical corticosteroids.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

A randomized trial of lansoprazole, amoxycillin, and clarithromycin versus lansoprazole, bismuth, metronidazole and tetracycline in the retreatment of patients failing initial Helicobacter pylori therapy.

BACKGROUND/AIM: 10-30% of the patients treated for Helicobacter pylori fail to clear the infection after initial therapy. Little is known as to the efficacy of retreatment regimens in these patients. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) -based triple and quadruple therapies demonstrate efficacies of 80-90% as initial therapy for H. pylori infection, but whether these regimens are as effective when used for retreatment is unknown. The efficacy of a metronidazole-containing regimen in this situation is also unknown. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of a nonmetronidazole-containing PPI-based triple versus a PPI-based quadruple therapy containing metronidazole in patients failing previous H. pylori therapy. METHODS: 48 patients were enrolled in this study at two sites after failure of previous H. pylori therapy as determined by a positive (14)C-urea breath test. Patients were stratified by prior treatment with a metronidazole-containing regimen and were then randomized to either lansoprazole (L) 30 mg twice daily, amoxycillin (A) 1,000 mg twice daily, and clarithromycin (C) 500 mg twice daily for 14 days (LAC) or L 30 mg four times daily, bismuth subsalicylate (B) 2 tablets four times daily, metronidazole (M) 250 mg four times daily and tetracycline (T) 250 mg four times daily for 14 days (LBMT). Side effects and compliance (pill count) were assessed at the completion of therapy. A repeat (14)C-urea breath test was performed 4 or more weeks after completion of therapy, and cure was defined as a negative test result. RESULTS: 48 patients (16 males and 32 females) were enrolled in this study. 20 patients received LAC (18 prior M), and 28 received LBMT (23 prior M). Per protocol and intention-to-treat efficacies were 82% (95% CI 64-100%) and 75% (95% CI 56-94%) for LAC and 80% (96% CI 64-96%) and 71% (95% CI 54-88%) for LBMT (p = 0.85 per protocol and p = 0.78 intention to treat between LAC and LBMT), respectively. The compliance (> or =80% of pills taken) was found to be 89% in both treatment groups. Side effects were noted in 84% for LAC and in 82% for LBMT, but were mild and did not cause discontinuation of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: PPI-based triple and quadruple therapy with both LAC and LBMT are effective in retreating patients failing initial metronidazole-based H. pylori therapies. LAC was not statistically superior to LBMT as a 'retreatment' regimen in this clinical situation, but the small sample size and wide confidence limits do not preclude the possibility of a smaller but significant difference in efficacy between the regimens. To determine whether LAC or LBMT is as effective for retreating patients failing non-metronidazole-containing regimens requires further study.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2000

Effect of an evidence-based medicine seminar on participants' interpretations of clinical trials: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of evidence-based medicine (EBM) education on physicians' short-term and long-term understanding of research methods and statistics. METHOD: Twenty-four gastroenterology (GI) fellows attended a three-day seminar about evidence-based medicine and the critical appraisal of medical literature. Attendees completed the same 14-item test on this material at the start of the seminar, at the conclusion of the seminar, and six months after the seminar. A student's t-test and chi-square analysis were performed to determine the differences between test scores by testing date and performance on test items. RESULTS: Seminar attendees improved their test scores between pre-seminar and post-seminar tests (mean test score: 57% +/- 16% versus 82 +/- 14%, respectively; p <.001) and between pre-seminar and six-month post-seminar tests (mean test score: 57% +/- 16% versus 78% +/- 13%, respectively; p <.001). Seminar attendees showed significant improvement in frequency of correct answers with individual questions on concealment of allocation, relative risk reduction, and meta-analysis trial methods. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, the critical appraisal skills necessary to practice EBM were taught to GI fellows in a seminar format that led to significant improvement in their understanding of research methods and statistics. Data from this pilot study justify a definitive trial examining the educational value of EBM seminars for physicians.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1998

Public policy affecting universal design.

The federal government has passed numerous laws that have focused on everything from civil rights legislation to accessibility mandates. This paper looks at the cumulative effects of federal legislation and nonlegislative activities on breaking down the wall of inequality for persons with disabilities and promoting the concept of universal design and universal access.

Architectural Accessibility↗
PubMed1994

Two methods of weaning persons with quadriplegia from mechanical ventilators.

Two commonly-used methods of weaning individuals with quadriplegia from mechanical ventilators were compared. The medical records were reviewed of 52 patients who were injured at the C3 or C4 levels, were ventilator dependent following their injury, and were treated at the participating facilities. The study subjects had a total of 82 separate wean attempts: 26 utilized intermittent mandatory ventilation, 34 used progressive ventilator-free breathing (T-piece weaning) and 22 used either a combination of these approaches or a different approach. With an overall weaning success rate of 83%, this study demonstrated that individuals with C3 and C4 quadriplegia are indeed candidates for ventilator weaning. Comparing the two weaning methods, progressive ventilator-free breathing was found to be successful more often than intermittent mandatory ventilation (67.6% compared to 34.6%). In addition, progressive ventilator-free breathing appeared superior in its ability to provide a more functional alternative to individuals unable to wean completely.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

WiDr is a derivative of another colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29.

This paper documents chromosomal and isozymic evidence indicating that WiDr is a derivative of another colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29, which was established in 1964. The phenotypes for seven isozymes studied were identical for all HT-29 and WiDr cell lines. The karyotypes were similar between four HT-29 cultures separated by more than 100 passages and two WiDr cultures that were studied independently in 1979 and 1985. The isozymic and karyotypic data are consistent with that described for the cell line WiDr, originally reported in 1979. Detailed karyotypic comparisons further show that cultures of WiDr possess all nine chromosomal markers found in the initial HT-29 (passage 19) cultures. However, both the higher passaged HT-29 and WiDr differ from the initial HT-29 (passage 19) because it has an additional five to eight constitutive marker chromosomes. An increase or decrease of one copy in several normal chromosomes is also noticed with more normal chromosome gains than losses. The study provides another example demonstrating the remarkable karyotypic stability within a heteroploid cell line with continued passage. It also reemphasizes the critical need for detailed karyotypic and isoenzymic studies on all cell lines in common use.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Clinical pharmacology of etintidine in patients with duodenal ulcer.

The gastric antisecretory activity of etintidine, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, was evaluated in 5 patients with quiescent duodenal ulcer disease. Meal-stimulated acid secretion was measured after 100 and 300 mg oral doses of etintidine, 100 and 300 mg oral doses of cimetidine, and placebo. Reductions from placebo in four-hour gastric acid secretion were 49, 65, 80, and 94%, with 100 mg cimetidine, 100 mg etintidine, 300 mg cimetidine, and 300 mg etintidine, respectively. Drug concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetics of the 2 drugs were similar. We analyzed sigmoid-shaped concentration-response curves to both agents; the concentrations causing 50% inhibition of meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion were 0.44 +/- 0.04 and 0.15 +/- 0.04 micrograms/ml for cimetidine and etintidine, respectively. However, characteristics of these curves were such that the potency difference diminished at higher concentrations.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1979

The effect of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide in duodenal ulcer patients.

The effects of 100-microgram of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 on meal-stimulated acid secretion, serum gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were measured in patients with duodenal ulcer. The drug given in encapsulated or unencapsulated form significantly reduced gastric acid secretion by 59% or 70%, respectively. Rises in serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations after the meal were significantly blunted by 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2. This dose of prostaglandin led to no side effects and merits clinical evaluation in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.

Adult↗