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Biomedical subjects

W Petty

Publications and source records attributed to W Petty.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effect of irrigation and tourniquet application on aminoglycoside antibiotic concentrations in bone.

Preoperative antibiotics are an important measure taken to prevent infection in joint replacement surgery. The local availability of these antibiotics in the operative site is absolutely necessary to ensure adequate prophylaxis against contaminant bacteria. Because pulsatile-lavage rapid-recovery systems have become a routine technique of bone preparation in joint reconstruction, we chose to study the effect of these systems on local antibiotic concentrations. We further investigated the effect of irrigation with and without use of a limb tourniquet. For our study, we obtained 23 bone specimens in 16 patients undergoing joint reconstruction (14) or amputation (2). The patients were classified into one of four groups based on whether a tourniquet was applied during the procedure and whether the bone specimens were irrigated. In addition, matched blood samples were obtained to establish that therapeutic serum levels were achieved. Nine patients contributed 13 bone specimens, which underwent vigorous irrigation in vitro. None of these specimens had detectable levels of antibiotics, regardless of whether a tourniquet was used. Seven patients yielded 10 bone specimens, which were not irrigated. Five of these seven patients had detectable levels of antibiotics. In addition, the specimens from limbs without tourniquets had levels that averaged 0.51 microgram/ml while those with tourniquets averaged below 0.2 microgram/ml. Therefore, the use of vigorous irrigation in bone preparation has a significant deleterious effect on the local presence of previously administered systemic antibiotics. This effect is compounded if the operative site is isolated from continuous blood flow by use of a tourniquet. We therefore recommend that additional measures be taken to ensure that adequate antibiotic levels are present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Prevention of infection after total joint replacement. Experiments with a canine model.

An experiment was done in dogs to evaluate how efficient each of several techniques was in preventing infection after a total joint arthroplasty. The techniques that were studied were intraoperative irrigation with saline solution or with antimicrobial solution, perioperative systemic administration of antibiotics, and the addition of an antibiotic to bone cement. Irrigation with saline solution did not reduce the incidence of infection. A slight reduction was found after irrigation with neomycin solution and after systemic administration of cefazolin solution. The use of bone cement containing gentamicin caused a statistically significant reduction in the rate of infection; in fact, no infection developed in any animal that was treated with bone cement containing gentamicin. There was excellent but not absolute correlation between findings on culture that indicated the presence of infection and histological evidence of inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Phase II trial of piperazinedione in the treatment of advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma. A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

Twenty-three patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma no longer amenable to control with surgery and/or radiotherapy were entered into study. Twenty-two actually received therapy with piperazinedione at a dose of 9 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. One partial responder was observed. Adverse effects were primarily manifested as myelosuppression, and were significant but tolerable. Due to the low order of activity observed, this drug is not recommended for further study in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Arterial digital angiography in the evaluation of potential renal donors.

Twenty-two potential renal donors were examined by both arterial digital and conventional aortography. The digital studies accurately identified all of the renal arteries. Digital subtraction angiography may be a suitable alternative to conventional aortographic evaluation of the renal arterial supply of potential renal donors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Osteonecrosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Femur Head↗
PubMed1985

The influence of skeletal implants on incidence of infection. Experiments in a canine model.

We have performed experiments in 187 dogs in order to evaluate the effect of commonly used implant materials on rate of infection. We opened the femoral canal with a hand drill and awl, instilled a suspension of bacteria, and then inserted one of the implants. The implants--stainless-steel and cobalt-chromium alloys, high-density polyethylene, prepolymerized polymethylmethacrylate, and polymethylmethacrylate polymerized in vivo--were compared with no implant (control). The effect of the different implants on the incidence of infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli was compared by determining the number of bacteria required to produce infection in 50 per cent of the femora. All of the implants were significantly more likely than the controls to be associated with infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Polymethylmethacrylate polymerized in vivo was found to be significantly more likely than all other implants to be associated with infection with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition to evaluating all specimens bacteriologically, we carried out a histological evaluation, and found that infection was highly correlated with an increased inflammatory response for all three bacteria. However, even with this highly statistically significant correlation, the correlation was not absolute; when only limited portions of randomly selected specimens of tissue were examined, the correlation was reduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Influence of methyl methacrylate on quantitative gel diffusion assay of immunoglobulins.

Infection is not a common problem following implant surgery using the bone cement, polymethyl methacrylate. When infection occurs, its often disastrous results makes for major complications. Many methods have been used in an attempt to reduce bacterial contamination at the time of implant surgery, but little attention has been given to the problem of possible effects of implant materials on the immune mechanisms of the host. In the experiments reported here, the in vitro effect of methyl methacrylate monomer on human immunoglobulins was determined using a quantitative gel diffusion technique. When methyl methacrylate monomer was added to serum samples containing immunoglobulin, it caused no statistically significant change in the immunoglobulin concentration of immunoglobulin-G, immunoglobulin-A, or immunoglobulin-M. It is possible that methyl methacrylate could affect other types of antigen antibody reactions which may be important in resisting infection, but the evidence reported here indicates that in low concentrations, methyl methacrylate monomer does not affect the normal reactivity of immunoglobulins of the G, M, or A class.

Agar↗
PubMed1978

The effect of methylmethacrylate on chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The effect of methylmethacrylate on chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated by an in vitro method that involved migration of human leukocytes under agarose. Chemotactic factors produced during growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli remained chemotactically active in the presence of a methylmethacrylate concentration of 1.25 per cent, which was the highest tested. The methylmethacrylate also did not alter the activity of the chemotactic factor produced by zymosan activation of normal human serum. However, when methylmethacrylate was added to normal human serum prior to zymosan activation, a methylmethacrylate concentration of 0.312 per cent significantly depressed the subsequent zymosan-induced chemotactic activity and concentrations above 0.312 per cent abolished it. When methylmethacrylate was added to the polymorphonuclear leukocyte suspensions, there was significant depression of the migration of cells at a concentration of 0.312 per cent, and at concentrations of 0.625 and 1.25 per cent no leukocyte migration occurred.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1978

The effect of methylmethacrylate on the bacterial inhibiting properties of normal human serum.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of known concentrations of methylmethacrylate on the bacterial inhibiting properties of normal human serum has been carried out. In low concentrations, methylmethacrylate was found to abolish almost completely the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis by normal human serum. Normal human serum did not have an effect on growth of Staphylococcus aureus. It did inhibit growth of Escherichia coli, but there was no reversal of this effect by methylmethacrylate.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

The effect of methylmethacrylate on bacterial phagocytosis and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The phagocytic and bactericidal activities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of methylmethacrylate were determined by in vitro techniques. It was found that methylmethacrylate in concentrations as low as 0.156 per cent significantly decreased the ability of leukocytes to phagocytose and kill strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The evidence indicates that methylmethacrylate impairs the killing more than the phagocytosis by the leukocytes.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1977

The effect of methylmethacrylate on complement activity.

The effect of methylmethacrylate on the activity of the complement sequence has been investigated in vitro by standard hemolysis techniques. It was demonstrated that concentrations of methylmethacrylate monomer as low as .25% inhibit the reactions of the complement sequence by 50%. Methylmethacrylate concentrations of 2.5 to 5.0% abolished all complement activity. This effect is on the late-acting components of the complement sequence which are important for chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, immune adherence of bacteria to polymorphonuclear leukocytes, phagocytosos of bacteria by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and bacteriolysis.

Bacteria↗