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Biomedical subjects

W Pokrzywnicki

Publications and source records attributed to W Pokrzywnicki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Losartan: angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist].

The angiotensin II (A II) type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonists represent a new pharmacologic class of drugs. These drugs antagonize A II induced biologic actions. Initial clinical trials suggest that these drugs are effective in the treatment of essential hypertension and hypertensive patients with renal disease. Losartan becomes the first potent, orally active and longacting nonpeptide A II receptor antagonist to be used in humans. Antihypertensive efficacy appears to be dependent on an activation of renin-angiotensin system, since bilateral nephrectomy and/or volume expansion abolishes the blood pressure lowering effect. Blood pressure is lowered without a significant change in heart rate or cardiac output. In hypertensive patient with renal disease, losartan has been reported to have no clinically important effect on glomerular filtration rate. To date, no specific AT1 antagonists' side effect has been reported. The potential widespread use of this new class of antihypertensive drugs will depend on whether AT1 receptor antagonists can be differentiated clinically from ACE inhibitors, and if such differentiation has clinically significant benefits.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1999

[Molecular structure of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system].

The application of novel investigative techniques has demonstrated that the RAA system is one of the major regulators of blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. There is evidence that local RAA systems exist. In this paper we have presented molecular bases of RAA system structure-genomic analysis, tissue distribution, regulation and pharmacological implications. We have payed attention to genomic linkage of the angiotensynogen gene with predisposition to the essential hypertension at human and to possibility of hormones influence at expression this gene.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1998

[Insulin sensitivity in NIDDM patients with normo- and microalbuminuria].

There is contradictory information relating to insulin sensitivity in NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria. The numerous clinical and epidemiological investigations have revealed a greater insulin resistance in these patients. However on the ground of the Nielsen and co-workers observations it has been ascertained that the level of insulin sensitivity is similar in exactly selected NIDDM patients with normo- and microalbuminuria. It suggests, that the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among microalbuminuric NIDDM patients may not primarily be a consequence of more pronounced levels of hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance. The influence of environmental factors may aggravate resident insulin resistance, elevate albuminuria, and may cause itself an increased cardiovascular risk.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1997

[Triiodothyroxine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyreotropine (TSH) and myoglobin levels in patients with myasthenia gravis].

T3, T4, TSH and myoglobin levels were determined in 14 patients with myasthenia gravis and compared with thirty one healthy control subjects. Significant decrease of myoglobin concentration and increase T3, T4 levels as compared to control group was found. TSH concentration was in normal range. Duration of myasthenia, level of disease (according to Osserman classification) and kind of therapy not influenced on detectable variations myoglobin, T3, T4 and TSH concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Gastric motility disorders in diabetes. I. Pathophysiology, symptomatology and methods for additional testing].

The application of novel investigative techniques has contributed to an increased understanding of the prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment of disordered gastric motility in diabetes. Abnormal gastric emptying, particularly delayed emptying, occurs frequently and the rate of gastric emptying is influenced by the blood glucose concentration. Disordered gastric motility is likely to be responsible for most upper gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetic patients, but the mechanisms by which abnormal motility leads to symptoms are poorly understood. It appears probable that abnormal gastric emptying contributes to poor glycaemic control.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1997

[Disorders of gastric emptying in diabetes. II. Treatment].

The application of novel investigative techniques has contributed to an increased understanding of the prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment of disordered gastric motility in diabetes. Gastrokinetic drugs have improved therapeutic options for symptomatic patients with gastroparesis considerably. Future approaches to modulate gastric and small intestinal sensory responses may lead to significant advances in treatment.

Cisapride↗
PubMed1996

Serum beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-M) levels in heart transplant patients (HTP).

UNLABELLED: The present paper aim to answer following questions: 1. What is serum beta-2-M levels in HTP? 2. Does significant correlations between serum beta-2-M levels and serum creatinine levels or creatinine clearance (inulin clearance) exit? 3. Does any significant correlation between serum beta-2-M levels and blood cyclosporine A concentration exit? Three groups of subjects were studied. The first group consisted of 33 heart transplant patients (HTP), the second group consisted of 12 patients with small decline kidney function, and the third one consisted of 36 healthy subjects. In all examined subjects serum beta-2-M (RIA) creatinine, creatinine and inulin (steady state dosis method) clearance were assessed. CONCLUSION: 1. In observed HTP serum beta-2-M level is significantly higher then in controls and patients with small decline kidney function; 2. A significant correlation between kidney function and -2-M level in HTP as well as in other examined groups subjects exit; 3. Presence a significant positive correlation between serum beta-2-M level and blood cyclosporine A concentration suggest that beta-2-M level can be a good parametr to define cyclosporine A tubular toxicity.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1995

[Does an association between angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes type II exist?].

In type I diabetic patients association has been found between the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the gene of angiotensin converting enzyme and the presence of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of that study was to assess this association in a cohort of type II diabetics. We examined 109 patients of more than 10 years duration of type II diabetes. Nephropathy (defined as at least confirmed albuminuria > 30 mg/24h) was present in 37 subjects. The I/D polymorphism was analyzed with PCR technique. Allele frequencies in the overall diabetic population did not differ significantly from the normal population. Distribution of genotypes was not significantly different between examined patients with and those without nephropathy. We conclude that the distribution of ACE gene polymorphism is similar in diabetic subjects and in general population and there is not association between I/D polymorphism and nephropathy in type II diabetic patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Myoglobinuria. Clinical aspects].

General data is presented on myoglobin structure and function, the pathomechanism of myoglobinuria and on its main causes. Attention was also paid to the most serious result of massive rhabdomyolysis-acute renal failure, taking into account the mechanism of its development. Apart from traumatic causes of myoglobinuria and myoglobinaemia, where the usefulness of these determinations is unquestionable, certain other diseases were compared in which the determination of the concentration of this haemoprotein is of important practical aspect.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[C14-aminopyrine breath test and enzymatic liver tests in workers employed by the coke tar distillation department].

A group of 400 subjects divided into three sub-groups was examined. Group I consisted of 130 persons employed at the coke tar distillation department. Group II (controls) consisted of 70 persons also employed at the coke plant but free from occupational exposure. Group III was composed of 200 workers employed at the Building Factory. C14-aminopyrine breath test (ABT) was performed in 30 subjects randomly assigned from each group. A standard enzymatic liver test was assessed in all subjects examined. The range of tests performed did not permit to indicate the toxic effect of occupational environment on the liver tissue. Abnormal enzymatic liver test found in all groups could results, among others, from alcohol abuse among those tested. However, it was revealed that aromatic hydrocarbons to which workers of the coke tar distillation department were exposed to, stimulated the activity of the liver microsomal oxygenase assessed by ABT.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Concentration of myoglobin in serum in patients with heart transplantation].

The studies were carried out, the aim of which was the answer to question what are the changes of myoglobin concentration in patients after heart transplantation. For this purpose, 31 healthy persons being the control group (C) and 15 patients after heart transplantation (HTP) were studied. In both groups myoglobin concentration was determined by the RIA method, finding no statistically significant differences in changes of this parameter between the two studied groups. However, the nephrotoxic effect was confirmed of cyclosporin A which was continuously taken by the patients after heart transplantation, expressed as the decrease of creatinine clearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Level of myoglobin in serum of patients with epilepsy after generalized tonic-clonic seizure].

In 11 patients with epilepsy serum myoglobin level determinations were performed by the RIA method 10 minutes, 1 hour, 4, 12, and 24 hours after tonic-clonic seizure and were compared with myoglobin concentrations in a group of 30 healthy persons. A statistically significant increase of myoglobin concentration was shown already in the first hour after the seizure with maximal level, almost five times exceeding the baseline level in the fourth hour, and slightly lower--four times exceeding the baseline--12 hours after the seizure. The correlative studies, comparing the profile of myoglobinaemia with the clinical picture (duration of the disease, age and sex, presence or lack of EEG changes, type of therapy used) showed no statistical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Retrospective analysis of secondary failure of oral hypoglycemic drugs in patients with diabetes type II].

The analysis of the incidence and risk factors of oral antidiabetic drugs secondary failure (sf) in type II diabetic patients was carried out in the study. The population of 1262 patients who felt into diabetes between 1980 and 1984 year from Zabrze area was analyzed retrospectively. The analysis was done in relation to 1989 year (after 10 year of the observation). In 194 (15%) of patients secondary failure was diagnosed. Sf appeared in 150 (17%) women and 44 (11%) men (p < 0.005). Multi factor analysis confirmed the higher susceptibility of females to the appearance of sf. Analysis also showed that significant risk factor of sf is the diagnosis of diabetes in 6th life decade in the patients with normal body mass. The percentage of sf varied between 5.1% and 19.5%. Performed analysis showed the higher sf incidence in female group and the influence of age at the moment of diagnosis in non obese patient son the appearance of sf.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Adenosine. Evaluation of diagnostic efficiency and therapeutic use in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia].

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias are an important therapeutic problem and belong to the most frequently occurring arrhythmias. On the basis of a literature review the authors describe an alternative method of treatment of these conditions with adenosine and point also to its additional applications. The diagnostic use of adenosine and its safety in rhythmic undefined tachycardias with broad ventricular complexes is a therapeutic model worth of popularization.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1992

[Endoscopic picture of hemorrhage from the upper digestive tract in elderly patients].

The causes of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding were analysed in 412 patients dividing them into age groups below and over 60 years. Both groups were compared using endoscopic classification of bleedings by Forrest. In the group aged over 60 years a significantly higher per cent of type II lesion was found, especially non-bleeding vascular stump protruding from the bottom of the ulcer. This lesion was associated in nearly half the cases with recurrence of bleeding. The finding of this endoscopic picture should suggest the necessity of a more radical operation, although the operative risk is higher in patients aged over 60 years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of occupational exposure in coke production on various parameters of the hematopoietic system].

The basic parameters of the erythrocytes, white blood cell and coagulation were determined in 201 workers exposed occupationally to organic substances containing benzene and its homologues. Occupational exposure to many factors during coke production, especially to high concentrations of BaP, did not cause perceptible changes in the erythrocytes. Moreover, total number of the lymphocytes was increased in the peripheral blood of exposed workers. That maybe considered as a nonspecific exposure test for the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons. In haemostasis system the thrombocytopenia and the abnormalities of the plasma coagulation factors were revealed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Acute hemorrhagic gastritis as a cause of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract].

In a material of 4560 panendoscopic investigations carried out in an endoscopy laboratory haemorrhages from the upper gastrointestinal tract were found in 201 cases. In 49 cases the cause of blood loss was acute haemorrhagic gastritis. Among them males accounted for 41% (mean age 35.6 years) and females for 59% (mean age 41.8 years). Acute haemorrhagic gastritis was associated with active peptic ulcer (20% of cases), portal hypertension (18%), which were, however, not the cause of haemorrhage. In only 19 cases (39%) acute haemorrhagic gastritis was not associated with any detectable pathological lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract, adn massive haemorrhage appeared without any preceding symptoms. Considering the total number of bleedings haemorrhagic gastritis was the cause of massive bleeding in 10% of cases.

Acute Disease↗