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Biomedical subjects

W R Bobier

Publications and source records attributed to W R Bobier.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The influence of chromatic aberration on the static accommodative response.

Previous measurements of static accommodation have consistently shown steady state errors over most of the range; the response lags below the stimulus and, at low levels, the response leads the stimulus. A series of experiments is presented in which the longitudinal and, for the first time, transverse chromatic aberrations of the eye were varied and the resultant stimulus-response functions of accommodation were measured. The results show that the steady state error of accommodation is not influenced by manipulations of the magnitude or the direction of either longitudinal or transverse chromatic aberration. This indicates that a particular wavelength is not preferentially focussed on the retina as a function of stimulus level and supports the negative feedback theory of accommodation.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1992

Geometrical optical analysis of photorefractive methods.

Photorefractive methods allow rapid measures of the refractive and accommodative state of infants and young children whose brief attention and co-operation limit the use of more traditional methods such as retinoscopy and autorefraction. Three methods have been defined: orthogonal, isotropic and eccentric. We provide a common geometrical optical analysis for these three methods where the photorefractive pattern is defined at the plane of focus of the camera. Since this plane is conjugate with the detector plane of the camera then the critical optical parameters can be defined without reference to the design of the camera by simply determining the relative magnification of the projected image of an object photographed at the camera's plane of focus. Specifically the pattern width CF (mm) over a photorefractor's working range can be defined for the isotropic and orthogonal methods as: [formula: see text] and for the eccentric method as: [formula: see text] where: K is a myopic refractive error of the eye (dioptres) (K Less than 0); P the distance of the flash source to the eye (dioptres); L the distance in front of the eye of the camera's plane of focus (dioptres) (L less than 0); GH the pupil diameter (mm); e the eccentricity of the flash source from the camera aperture (mm); M magnification of the image measured relative to the camera plane of focus.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative photorefraction using an off-center flash source.

When an eye is refracted by "eccentric photorefraction" with a flash source off-centered from a camera lens, a crescent of light is formed in the margin of the pupil. The size of the crescent varies directly with the eye's refractive error. This photographic method has been used in vision screening studies of young children where the appearance of a crescent indicated that the refractive error was above a certain threshold. Usually quantification of the refraction could not be achieved by the photorefractor but relied upon subsequent testing using retinoscopy. My research aimed to expand eccentric photorefraction so as to enable it to provide quantification of the eye's refractive error. This was achieved by varying the eccentricity of the flash source from the camera lens and then calibrating the instrument over a large range of refractive errors. The calibration modified a previously derived optical relation which defined the eye's refractive error in terms of the eccentricity of the source for a given pupil size. Eccentric photorefraction of 26 infants and children aged 7 to 48 months showed a good correlation with retinoscopy (r = 0.82). It is concluded that this method would be complementary to other photorefractive methods (e.g., isotropic) particularly as it is able to measure a large range of refractive errors once the astigmatic meridians of the eye are known.

Calibration↗
PubMed1985

Eccentric photorefraction: optical analysis and empirical measures.

An optical analysis of a photographic technique, "eccentric photorefraction," designed to measure refraction and accommodative states along a single meridian of the eye, is presented. Empirical measures taken from a model eye support the theoretical derivation. The application of the technique for use with human infants is discussed with reference to measurements taken from human eyes.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Effect of a yellow ocular filter on chromatic aberration: the fish eye as an example.

Reduction of chromatic aberration is one of the suggested functions of yellow ocular filters. This possibility was tested by (1) determining the effect of an artificial yellow filter on the chromatic aberration of the eye of two fish species having no obvious ocular filters and (2) comparing in vivo chromatic aberration with that of the excised lens in a species of fish having a yellow cornea. The results indicate that yellow filters reduce the measured chromatic aberration of the eye by more than one-third.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of topical anesthetics on phenylephrine-induced mydriasis.

Pupil responses to phenylephrine alone and to phenylephrine preceded by a topical anesthetic were recorded by means of an infrared pupillometer. In response to phenylephrine, pupils dilated more in eyes with pale irides. Dilation was greater if a topical anesthetic was applied before the mydriatic. Benoxinate, proparacaine, and tetracaine produced approximately equal degrees of enhancement of the mydriasis. One drop of 1% phenylephrine had only a small dilating effect on an eye when the fellow eye received the phenylephrine preceded by 0.5% proparacaine.

Administration, Topical↗