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Biomedical subjects

W R Butt

Publications and source records attributed to W R Butt.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The control of gonadotrophin release in women with hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea: effect of oestrogen and progesterone on the LH and FSH response to LHRH.

The effect of the administration of oestradiol benzoate and of progesterone on the subsequent response to LHRH has been investigated in women with hyperprolactinaemia. There was an amplification in the release of LH in four out of ten patients and of FSH in one out of ten patients at 44 h after the administration of 2-5 mg oestradiol benzoate. The average amount of LH released before and after oestrogen did not change, but there was a significant decrease in the amount of FSH released. There was no correlation between the LH released and the oestradiol concentration in serum at the time of the LHRH tests but there was a negative correlation between the FSH released and the oestradiol concentration (r = 0-507;P less than 0-05). These results contrast with those obtained in normal subjects in the follicular phase of the cycle when there is a positive correlation of oestrogen concentrations and the amount of LH and FSH released. As in normal subjects, however, a significant suppression of basal FSH concentrations, persisting until 44 h, was produced by the oestrogen (P less than 0-01). Seven out of eleven patients showed an amplification of LH response and six out of eleven an FSH response 20 h after the administration of 25 mg progesterone. The mean amplifications are not significantly different from those of normal subjects tested in the early follicular phase of the cycle, but are significantly less than those tested in the mid follicular phase of the cycle (LH P less than 0-001; FSH P less than 0-01). This may be related to the serum concentrations of oestradiol which in patients with hyperprolactinaemia are significantly less than those found in the mid follicular phase of the cycle (P less than 0-05). These results indicate that in women with hyperprolactinaemia oestrogen negative feedback, necessary for cycle initiation, is normal: failure of ovulation may be related to failure of positive feedback to oestroen. Oestrogen-negative feedback is unopposed and this may explain the follicullar development and lack of oestrogen in the mid-follicular phase.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1976

Basal serum prolactin values and responses to the administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in women with amenorrhoea.

Basal prolactin concentrations were measured in 77 patients presenting with amenorrhoea; 17 per cent were found to have hyperprolactinaemia. The release of prolactin in response to a standard dose of thyrotrophin releasing hormone for amenorrhoeic subjects with normal basal levels of prolactin was within the normal range. However, patients with hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea and no evidence of pituitary tumour were found to have a blunted response.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1976

In vitro synthesis of steroids by a feminising adrenocortical carcinoma: effect of prolactin and other protein hormones.

The study describes the effects of ACTH, prolactin and other protein hormones on the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones by tissue from a feminising adrenocortical carcinoma removed from a post-menopausal female. Steroid production by the tissue was determined by high resolution-mass fragmentography and by radioimmunoassay. Prolactin and ACTH stimulated the synthesis of estrogens by the tissue whereas GH, LH and ACTH were more effective than prolactin in stimulating androgen synthesis. The effect of protein hormones, other than ACTH, on adenylate cyclase activity of this tumour tissue indicated a lack of specificity of the membrane receptor sites.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of variables in treatment of anovulation with human gonadotrophins.

Twenty seven women with anovulation were given 121 courses of gonadotrophins monitored by excretion of estrogen and pregnanediol. The FSH, ovulating dosage of HCG, time interval between FSH and HCG and subsequent supporting doses of HCG were varied in a statistical design. None significantly affected ovulation or pregnancy rates. The preparation with an FSH:LH ratio of 1 required a lower dosage to initiate an estrogen response than that with a ratio of 5. After adjustment it still produced a faster rise in estrogen excretion. The amount of estrogen also varied with the time interval between FSH and HCG, the ovulating dose of HCG and supporting doses of HCG. The amount of pregnanediol varied with the ovulating dose of HCG and the length of the luteal phase varied with the ovulating dose of HCG and supporting injections of HCG. The dosage of FSH needed to initiate a response increased on average by 8% from one course to the next. Simplicity, economy and risk of multiple pregnancy are discussed in relation to these variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Human gonadotropins: biochemical, immunological, and clinical aspects.

Methodologies for the extraction of both pituitary and urinary gonadotropins are described. The chemical composition of some of the gonadotropins is discussed, and the significance of the subunit structures is reviewed. Immunological properties of the gonadotropins are discussed from the standpoint of antisera and procedures involving radioimmunoassay. Finally, certain clinical conditions which are characterized by fluctuations in gonadotropin levels are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1975

An abnormality of oestrogen feedback in amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea.

Fourteen patients with amenorrhoea and hyperprolactin-anemia but no evidence of pituitary tumours were each given an intramuscular injection of 1 mg oestradiol benzoate. Thirteen patients failed to release luteinizing hormone in response to the oestrogen. This hypothalamic abnormality may help to explain the menstrual disturbances in subjects with hyperprolactinaemia.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1975

The oestrogen provocation test: a method of assessing the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in patients with amenorrhoea.

The oestrogen feedback and gonadotrophin release in ten amenorrhoeic women were investigated, using intramuscular injection of 1 mg oestradiol benzoate. Serial estimations of serum oestradiol and gonadotrophins (LH and FSH) were made over a period of 72 h following the injection. Five patients demonstrated positive feedback release of LH to the oestrogen stimulus with elevated levels of LH significantly above baseline (P less than 0.001), which occurred between 48 and 72 h after the injection. Two of the five patients also demonstrated elevated FSH levels accompanying these LH peaks, The hypothalamic-pituitary axis was postulated to be intact in these five patients, and all ovulated on clomiphene. None of the remaining five subjects showed any increase in serum gonadotrophin levels in response to oestradiol and none ovulated on clomiphene when given a dose of up to 200 mg daily x5 days. This 'oestrogen provocation test" seems to be a useful means of evaluating the functional capacity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis for gonadotrophin release and has proved useful in predicting responsiveness to clomiphene in amenorrhoeic women.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Sex hormone levels and gonadotrophin release in the polycystic ovary syndrome.

The response to synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone was studied in eighteen patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome. The release of follicle-stimulating hormone was similar to that found in normal women. The mean response of luteinizing hormone was similar to that found in the luteal phase, but significantly greater (P less than 0-02) than that found in the early follicular phase of the normal menstrual cycle. Basal serum levels of FSH and LH, estimated in twenty-five patients, were similar to those found in normal subjects. The sex hormone binding globulin capacity was reduced in twenty-four of them. Basal serum testosterone levels were elevated in twelve of twenty-two patients and the mean level was significantly greater (P less than 0-01) than the mean level of normal women. Basal serum androstenecione levels were elevated in nine of twenty-two patients and the mean level was also significantly greater (P leess than 0-001) between basal testosterone and LH levels. These data suggest the pituitary gland of patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome contains adequate amounts of LH but that the ovulatory surge of LH which occurs in normal women is inhibited by testosterone acting on either the pituitary or, more probably, on the hypothalamus.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1975

The effect of oestrogen pretreatment on subsequent response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in normal women.

Twenty-two normal, regularly menstruating female subjects had an LHRH test performed before and after pretreatment with 0.5 mg, 1 mg. or 2.5 mg of oestradiol benzoate during the follicular phase of their menstrual cyclees (days 4-8). Two further women acted as controls and received no oestrogen; they showed identical responses for both LH and FSH release when LHRH tests were performed at intervals of 48 h. Oestrogen pretreatment induced a biphasic effect upon subsequent LHRH response. Four subjects retested 20 h after 0.5 mg oestradiol benzoate showed either no change or a slight suppression of LH and FSH release. Fifteen of the eighteen women pretreated with oestradiol benzoate and retested 44 h later showed significantly increased LH release and fourteen significantly increased FSH release when compared to their control responses. The responses appeared to be dose related with a positive correlation between sum of LH increments and basal oestradiol levels (R = 0.61; P less than 0.001) and a similar correlation (r = 0.67; P less than 0.001) between sum of FSH increments and basal oestradiol levels. The physiological significance of this biphasic action of oestrogen upon pituitary sensitivity is discussed in relation to the control of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The effect of progesterone and FSH and LH response to LHRH in normal women.

An LHRH test was performed on twenty-eight regularly menstruating females during follicular phase of their cycles. Twenty-four were then given an intramuscular injection of progesterone in oil and retested with LHRH 20 or 44 h later, the remaining four received no pretreatment and acted as controls. The twelve subjects retested 20 h after the progesterone injection showed marked changes in response. The greatest increase in gonadotrophin release after LHRH was seen when subjects were tested between days 8 and 10 of the menstrual cycle. In contrast, the twelve studied 44 h after receiving the steroid showed no change in release.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Hypothalmic-pituitary relationships in the polycystic ovary syndrome serum gonadotrophin levels following injection of oestradiol benzoate.

Injection of oestradiol benzoate was found to elicit a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in 15 of 19 patients with polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was also released, in conjunction with the LH surge, in eight patients. It is concluded that the oestrogen feedback mechanisms controlling mid-cycle gonadotrophin release are functioning normally in the majority of patients with PCO syndrome. Ovulation was subsequently induced by clomiphene alone in those patients who had an LH surge, and by a combination of clomiphene and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in those who had not shown any LH release.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1975

Pathological mechanisms to explain some cases of amenorrhoea without organic disease.

A test is described to define the site of the lesion causing amenorrhoea in women of child-bearing age who have normal ovaries and a normal response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Patients able to produce a release of LH following the administration of 1 mg. of oestradiol benzoate (EB) have normal hypothalamic function and thus the site of the defect must lie more centrally in the brain. Patients unable to show these LH surges have either a primary or secondary abnormality affecting their hypothalamic oestrogen "receptor" mechanisms or their ability to produce LH-RH.

Amenorrhea↗