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Biomedical subjects

W R Cook

Publications and source records attributed to W R Cook.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Mixed venous oxygenation in fatal gram-negative septicemia.

Changes in mixed venous and arterial PO2 values were examined during the early, middle and late stages of fatal gram-negative septicemia in seven patients. The early stage of septicemia was characterized by tachycardia (mean rate 108/min), mild hypotension (mean arterial pressure (MAP) 83 mmHg), arterial hypoxemia requiring supplemental oxygen therapy, and high, low or normal mixed venous PO2 (mean 37 mmHg). During the middle stage, hypotension was severe (MAP 67 mmHg) and mixed venous PO2 invariably rose (mean 50 mmHg). Arterial PO2 increased in association with the rise in mixed venous PO2, despite constant FIO2 and expired ventilation. Severe metabolic acidosis developed in six of the seven patients. In the final stage, mixed venous PO2 was normal (mean 42 mmHg) in the presence of continuing metabolic acidosis. We postulate that the elevations of mixed venous PO2 seen result from systemic arterial-venous shunting, and that during septicemia, the mixed venous PO2 is an unreliable index of tissue oxygenation. A theoretical model of the relationship of tissue oxygenation and mixed venous oxygenation in septicemia, based upon the above study, is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The slap test for laryngeal adductory function in horses with suspected cervical spinal cord damage.

The paper describes the assessment and practical implications of a laryngeal adductory reflex in a series of 30 ataxic and 64 non-ataxic horses. The reflex was evoked by slapping the saddle region just caudal to the withers. In normal horses this produced a flickering adductory movement of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage which was observed endoscopically. Abolition of the laryngeal response was encountered in in 3 situations:--(1) Disruption of the afferent impulse occurred in those horses in which there was significant spinal cord pathology affecting the pathway from the cranial thoracic region to the medulla. (2) Disruption of the efferent impulse was manifest when damage to the adductory component of the recurrrent laryngeal nerve prevented normal adduction. (3) The reflex was abolished in tense or frightened horses, possibly due to interference from higher centres. The laryngeal adductory reflex was considered to be a useful diagnostic and prognostic aid in the assessment of ataxia and spinal cord lesions in the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of refractory psoriasis with fluocinonide gel.

Twenty patients with refractory psoriasis that had responded poorly to previous therapy were treated with fluocinonide gel (0.05 percent), unoccluded, for six weeks. Patients were evaluated weekly. By the sixth week, all patients had improved, and seventeen (85 percent) showed "excellent" improvement. One patient discontinued the trial after four weeks because the lesions had completely cleared. No other patient discontinued using the medication for any reason. Patient complaints were minimal and consisted of stinging (three patients), itching (two patients), and drying (two patients). The study suggests that fluocinonide gel (0.05 percent) is a cosmetically acceptable alternative for the treatment of refractory psoriasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Chronic bronchitis and alveolar emphysema in the horse.

Broken wind is a syndrome characterised by chronic bronchitis and alveolar emphysema. Clinical signs include nasal catarrh, persistent coughing, dyspnoea and poor exercise tolerance. In racehorses, lung haemorrhages may result in epistaxis. Broken wind is a disease of domestication ascribed to pollution of the stable air with fungal spores from hay and straw. Treatment and prevention are based on the provision of fresh air and, if housing is unavoidable, the adoption of a permanent regime of dust-free stable management. If an early diagnosis is made and appropriate treatment instituted, the prognosis is considered to be reasonably good. The disease exemplifies the validity of the Royal Veterinary College motto Venienti occurrite morbo (treat the disease at its first appearance).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Purification and catalytic properties of "thermostable" fumarase from Bacillus stearothermophilus NU-10 and Thermus X-1.

Fumarase (L-malate hydro-lysase E.C.4.2.1.2) was purified from the thermophilic bacteria Bacillus stearothermophilus NU-10 (optimum growth temperature 62-63 degrees C) and Thermus X-1 (optimum growth temperature 70 degrees C). The furmarase from Thermus X-1 is slightly more thermostable and has an "optimum" catalytic reaction temperature of 83 degrees C as compared to 81 degrees C for the B. stearothermophilus enzyme. Increased thermostability of these fumarases permitted an examination of the properties of the enzyme catalyzed reaction at temperatures higher than had previously been possible with the furmarases from mesophilic bacteria or higher plant and animal sources. Beyong the observed thermostability of the thermophilic fumarases, the catalytic properties of thermophilic fumarases were very similar to those observed with bacterial fumarase or the well characterized pig heart fumarase (effect of temperature on substrate affinities, pH optimum, substrate inhibition by fumarate, and Haldane relationship). These similarities suggest that thermophilic enzymes may be useful in the general study of enzyme reaction mechanisms.

Fumarate Hydratase↗