Biomedical subjects

W R Klein

Publications and source records attributed to W R Klein.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

[Sporotrichosis in a horse].

A 9-year old male Arabian horse was referred to the Department of Large Animal Surgery of the University of Utrecht because of multiple nodules on the inner side of the right hind leg. The nodules seemed to follow a cutaneolymphatic pattern. Histopathology of a nodule showed a granulomatous inflammation with the presence of multinucleated giant cells. In PAS- and Grocott-stained sections, spheroid yeast-like organisms with some budding were found throughout the tissue. A preliminary diagnosis of sporotrichosis was made. A fresh nodule was cultured and the presence of Sporothrix c.f. schenckii was confirmed. Antifungal therapy was started, which stopped the extension of the granulomata. Sporotrichosis is a rare disease in Europe, but it is quite common in the southern part of the U.S.A.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Local bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for bovine vulval papilloma and carcinoma.

Thirty cows from a pedigree Friesian dairy herd with bovine vulva papilloma and carcinoma were treated by intralesional injections of live bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). This treatment induced total regression of all of six carcinomas. Whilst, after treatment, limited regression was also observed in advanced papillomas, BCG has little or no effect on the early stages of papillomas. This is the first study of BCG therapy in this type of cancer.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Antitumor effect of locally injected low doses of recombinant human interleukin-2 in bovine vulval papilloma and carcinoma.

In many human clinical trials and in various animal tumor models, the antitumor effect of high doses of systemically applied interleukin-2 (IL-2) is tested. Our studies focused on the effects of low doses of locally injected IL-2. In this paper, the effect of local injection of low doses of IL-2, i.e. a total dose of 25,000-50,000 units, into papillomas or carcinomas of the bovine vulva is described. In 19 out of 23 (83%) cows treated with IL-2 an effect on the tumor load was observed; in three of these animals, complete regression was obtained. In the majority of cases, regression was not restricted to the tumors injected with IL-2.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

A modified technique for implantation of polypropylene mesh for the repair of external abdominal hernias in horses: a review of 21 cases.

During a 3-year period 21 horses were surgically treated because of large abdominal wall defects. In each case the defect was bridged with a polypropylene mesh, which was placed on the outside of the hernial ring. This was in contrast with the technique for mesh herniorrhaphy generally described in human and veterinary literature, in which the mesh is always implanted on the inside of the hernial ring. One horse was destroyed on the first postoperative day because of postanaesthetic myelomalacia. Surgical repair as described was successful in 18 patients. Recurrence of herniation occurred in two horses. On re-herniorrhaphy a second and larger mesh was successfully implanted.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Single intraoperative administration of antibiotic to cows with caecal torsion: wound infection and postoperative performance. A retrospective and prospective study.

Wound infection and postoperative performance after a single intra-abdominal administration of 9 g sodium ampicillin in cows operated on for caecal dilatation or torsion (n = 33) were evaluated. In the 25 animals that left the clinic in good health (76% short-term survival), no wound infection occurred. Postoperative performance was normal in 21 of these animals (84%). The figures for short-term survival and postoperative performance are comparable to those from a retrospective study of 169 animals operated on between 1985 and 1990. Single intra-abdominal administration of sodium ampicillin during surgery provides good protection against infection without negative effects on the postoperative performance.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Oral bioavailability of pivampicillin in foals at different ages.

The plasma disposition of ampicillin after intravenous administration at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg was studied in six healthy, 1-month-old foals. The oral bioavailability of pivampicillin was determined in the same foals at four ages, ranging from 11 days to 4 months. Pivampicillin was administered orally at a dose rate of 19.9 mg/kg, which is equivalent on a molecular basis to 15 mg/kg ampicillin. Ampicillin concentrations in plasma were determined up to 12 hours after administration. After intravenous administration, the mean distribution and elimination half-lives of ampicillin were 0.121 and 0.624 h, respectively. The volume of distribution (Vss) appeared to be 0.334 l/kg. Orally administered pivampicillin was rapidly absorbed in all age groups, producing mean peak plasma concentrations of 3.83 to 5.69 micrograms/ml 1 h after administration. The mean bioavailability of pivampicillin in the different age groups ranged from 39.4 to 52.9%. There was no statistically significant difference in peak plasma concentration or bioavailability between the age groups. It is concluded that pivampicillin at a dose rate of 19.9 mg/kg orally gives satisfactory plasma concentrations in foals of all ages.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1994

Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a chromogenic endotoxin assay for horses with acute intestinal disorders.

In this study the laboratory and clinical performance of a chromogenic endotoxin assay for equine plasma was evaluated. The assay was sensitive (detection limit 3 ng LPS/L plasma), reproducible (within and between-assay CV at 50 ng LPS/L E. coli O111:B4 LPS standard addition was 5% and 7.5%, respectively), and not substantially affected by enhancement or inhibition phenomena (recovery of an in vitro spike was 75-125% in 80% of the samples). LPS added to whole blood was rapidly inactivated upon incubation at 37 degrees C but not at 0 degrees C. A recently developed blood collection tube for LPS testing was found suitable, i.e. LPS-free and providing non-contaminated samples. In 48 horses suffering from acute abdominal diseases requiring surgical treatment, LPS levels were significantly higher in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) than in platelet-poor plasma (PPP), and the proportional difference was related to the PRP platelet count (r = 0.52, p < 0.001, mean difference 48%, range 8-77%). LPS levels were also significantly higher in horses that died or were euthanized than in surviving horses (mean 16.5 and 7.1 ng/L PRP, respectively, p < 0.05). We conclude that LPS can be measured in equine plasma with picogram sensitivity and recommend the use of PRP instead of PPP for clinical LPS testing. For clinical use a decision limit for endotoxaemia of 5 ng LPS/L PRP appeared to be inadequate. Analysis at a higher cut-off level for endotoxaemia and the evaluation of clinical, pathological, and laboratory parameters would be more meaningful.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

The effects of cisapride on the restoration of gut motility after surgery of the small intestine in horses; a clinical trial.

Seventy horses surgically treated for colic caused by disorders of the small intestine were included in a randomized blind trial to determine the effects of cisapride (0.1 mg/kg bw intramuscularly at 8-h intervals) on the post-operative restoration of gut motility. Cisapride appeared to reduce the incidence of post-operative ileus. It accelerated the restoration of bowel motility, reducing the period of post-operative intensive care. It is concluded that cisapride is an effective and useful drug in the post-operative treatment of horses after surgery of the small intestine.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

In-vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs of bacterial isolates from horses in The Netherlands.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 30 antimicrobial agents (including the hitherto unreported antimicrobial agents doxycycline, minocycline, vanomycin, 3 quinolones and 3 combinations of antimicrobial agents) for isolates of Salmonella spp. (20), Escherichia coli (17), Klebsiella spp. (8), Proteus spp. (7), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7), Actinobacillus equuli (5), Rhodococcus equi (4), Streptococcus zooepidemicus (23), Streptococcus equisimilis (6), Streptococcus equi (4), coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. (20) and Taylorella equigenitalis (19) were determined using the agar dilution method. All isolates were of equine origin. MICs were compared with recommended MIC breakpoints. The results indicate that, for some of the pathogenic bacteria evaluated, susceptibility testing of isolates from the individual patient is essential to determine an appropriate antimicrobial treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Cecum amputation in a blond d'Aquitaine bull].

A caecal torsion of 720 degrees was diagnosed in a one-and-a-half-year-old blonde d'Aquitaine bull. A partial amputation of the caecum had to be performed. The diagnosis and surgery of this case are described against the background of the usual dilatations and rotations of the caecum and ansa proximalis.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Bioavailability of oral penicillins in the horse: a comparison of pivampicillin and amoxicillin.

The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and amoxicillin following intravenous administration at a dose rate of 15 and 10 mg/kg respectively were studied in four healthy adult horses. Pharmacokinetics of pivampicillin and amoxicillin were studied after oral administration to four healthy adult horses. Pivampicillin, a prodrug of ampicillin, was administered orally to starved and fed horses at a dose rate of 19.9 mg/kg, which is equivalent on a molecular basis to 15 mg/kg ampicillin. Amoxicillin was administered orally to starved horses only, at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg. Ampicillin and amoxicillin concentrations in plasma, synovial fluid and urine were determined. Mean biological half-life of intravenously administered ampicillin and amoxicillin was 1.72 and 1.43 h respectively, whilst the distribution volume (Vss) appeared to be 0.180 and 0.192 1/kg. Orally administered pivampicillin and amoxicillin were rapidly absorbed. A maximum concentration in plasma of 3.80 micrograms/ml was reached 2 h after administration of pivampicillin to starved horses; in fed horses a maximum concentration of 5.12 micrograms/ml was reached 1 h after administration. After oral administration of amoxicillin a maximum concentration of 2.03 micrograms/ml was reached after 1 h. The (absolute) bioavailability of pivampicillin administered orally was 30.9% in starved horses and 35.9% in fed horses. The bioavailability of amoxicillin administered orally was 5.3% in starved horses.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1992

Effects of various medium formulations and attachment substrata on the performance of cultured ruminant hepatocytes in biotransformation studies.

1. A procedure for the isolation and primary culture of hepatocytes from goat and cattle is described. Hepatocyte culture performance was monitored for 51 h by measuring viability, cytochrome P-450 maintenance, dealkylation of scoparone and ethylmorphine, and glucuronidation of phenol red. 2. Culture medium composition is discussed in relation to differences between splanchnic blood composition of ruminant and monogastric animal species. Main differences are in glucose and volatile fatty acid concentrations. Modified Williams' E culture medium did not yield higher culture performance than non-modified Williams' E. 3. Coating of culture dishes with either collagen or fibronectin did not improve culture performance. 4. Williams' E, although developed for rodent cells, proves to be a suitable basal medium for ruminant hepatocytes. In this medium, culture quality is high for at least several days. 5. In cultured goat hepatocytes, biotransformation rate for scoparone amounted to 20 nmol/mg protein per h, for ethylmorphine 96 nmol/mg protein per h and for phenol red 2 nmol/mg protein per h. Biotransformation activity in cow hepatocytes is approximately half that in goat hepatocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Search for bovine papilloma virus DNA in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas (BOSCC) and BOSCC-derived cell lines.

Although the cause of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) is attributed to viruses in addition to cofactors (eg, UV light), to our knowledge, the final causative agent has not been described. Bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-like particles were detected in approximately 33% of various putative precursor lesions of BOSCC. In contrast, it was reported that, using BPV-specific antibodies, it was not possible to detect viral antigens in BOSCC. Fourteen established BOSCC and 9 BOSCC-derived cell lines were examined for BPV DNA. Probes of all 6 known BPV types were used in various hybridization assays. Neither Southern blot analysis, under high and low stringency conditions, nor in situ hybridization resulted in detection of BPV DNA. Papilloma viruses were not observed in electron microscopic studies. Results exclude direct association between BOSCC and BPV types 1 to 6, or as yet unknown closely related BPV types. However, BPV may contribute to induction of precursor lesions or events leading to carcinogenic transformation, without being relevant for maintenance of the tumor.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[A horse with Cushing's disease].

A thirteen-year-old Dutch warmblooded mare was referred to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine because of a sinusitis. She was thin with a potbellied appearance. Her coat was dull with long wavy hair. Unilateral (left) purulent nasal discharge was evident. A cbc revealed leucopenia (3.9 G.L.-1) and plasma biochemical analysis revealed a plasma glucose concentration of 10.1 mmol.L-1. Thermostable alkaline phosphatase (at 65 degrees C during 2 minutes) could not be demonstrated. Basal plasma cortisol concentration was lowered (114 nmol.L-1) and basal plasma ACTH concentration was highly elevated (815 pg.ml-1), indicating adrenocortical insufficiency. A dexamethasone-suppression test was performed by intramuscular administering of 10 mg of dexamethasone showing a suppression of 32% instead of at least 50%. At necropsy a pituitary pars intermedia adenoma was found.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1991

[Rupture of the bladder and of the urachus in foals. A literature review].

It is well documented that the incidence of rupture of the urinary bladder or urachus is highest in newborn male foals and occurs during the (usually uncomplicated) parturition. Important clinical symptoms include frequent passing of small quantities of urine, abdominal distention and positive abdominal undulation. Hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and an elevated serum creatinine level are often present. The serum blood urea nitrogen concentration may be normal or only slightly elevated. The creatinine concentration in the peritoneal fluid is invariably higher than that in serum, and this finding is of importance in the diagnosis. A method for field diagnosis of bladder rupture is to instill a sterile solution of a dye into the bladder followed by its retrieval in the peritoneal fluid. Surgical treatment is indicated as soon as possible after diagnosis. Prior to inducing anaesthesia (oxygen, nitrous oxide and halothane by mask), fluid losses and electrolyte imbalance should be corrected and slow decompression of the abdomen should be performed in order to reduce the risk of cardiac dysrhythmias and hypovolaemic shock. The bladder defect is usually closed in two layers of inverting continuous sutures. If the diagnosis of bladder rupture is timely established, its prognosis is usually favourable.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Immunotherapy of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma by repeated intralesional injections of live bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or BCG cell walls.

UNLABELLED: Thirty cows of the Dutch Friesian and the Maas-Rijn-Ijssel breed with histologically confirmed ocular squamous cell carcinoma were treated by repeated intralesional injection of live bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (n = 14) or a BCG cell-wall vaccine (n = 16). Complete regression of the primary tumour was observed in 64% and 57% of the animals respectively. In the 2-year follow-up period there was no recurrence of primary tumours. This sharply contrasts with the recurrence frequency (40%-50%) after complete remission induced by a single intralesional injection with BCG, observed in an earlier study. In 1 animal a new primary tumour developed. At necropsy metastases were present in 33% of the treated animals: in 3 of 17 animals that showed complete regression of the primary tumour and in 7 of 13 animals with partial regression or progressive disease. This did not differ significantly from results obtained after a single treatment (27%). Delayed-type hypersensitivity to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) was more persistent in animals showing regression of the primary tumour than in non-responding animals. Of the animals with a positive PPD response 6 months after treatment, 79% showed tumour regression. Regression was observed in only 28% of the animals not responding to PPD after the same period of time. IN CONCLUSION: (a) recurrence of the primary tumour was not observed after repeated BCG treatment; (b) the frequency of metastases was not decreased compared to results obtained with a single treatment; (c) regression was correlated with a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to PPD (P less than 0.05) 6 months after treatment; (d) no significant differences were observed when the clinical results of treatment with live BCG and the BCG cell wall vaccine were compared.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

A comparative investigation on autologous mandibular and iliac crest bone grafts. An experimental study in sheep.

Nine Friesian sheep (age 1.5-2 years) were used to evaluate the quality of bone repair in artificial cleft-like maxillary defects repaired with autologous bone grafts of embryologically different origin. After bilateral extraction of the upper first deciduous molar the tooth socket was enlarged resulting in an open connection between the oral and nasal cavities. In the same session a graft, obtained from the iliac crest, was implanted in one of the two bilateral maxillary defects and on the opposite side a graft, obtained from the mandible, was inserted. During the experiment, serial radiographs were taken. After six months the sheep were sacrificed and the bone of the grafted areas was submitted to histological and histomorphometric investigation. Comparing both areas, it appeared that the quality of bone remodelling and alveolar reconstruction was independent of the origin of the grafts.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed1990

[Immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the bovine eye and of equine sarcoid].

Squamous cell carcinomas of the bovine eye and equine sarcoids are briefly reviewed. A single injection of BCG into the tumour results in permanent regression of the lesion in 37 per cent of the cattle, regression followed by recurrence of the tumour in 26 per cent and in progressive growth of the tumour in 37 per cent of the cases. Recurrence may be prevented by repeated injection into the lesion. From 50 to 60 per cent of the cows will remain free from tumours. Equine sarcoids show a complete regression in 70-80 per cent of the cases. Tumours on the limbs show a less satisfactory response (lower rates of success, more complications) than do tumours in other areas of the body.

Animals↗