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W R Lance

Publications and source records attributed to W R Lance.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Use of medetomidine and ketamine for immobilization of free-ranging giraffes.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a dosage correlated with shoulder height (SH) in centimeters for effective immobilization of free-ranging giraffes, using a combination of medetomidine (MED) and ketamine (KET) and reversal with atipamezole (ATP). DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 23 free-ranging giraffes. PROCEDURE: The drug combination (MED and KET) was administered by use of a projectile dart. Quality of induction, quality of immobilization, and time to recovery following injection of ATP were evaluated. Physiologic variables measured during immobilization included PaO2, PaCO2, oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2, blood pH, indirect arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, and rectal temperature. RESULTS: Sixteen giraffes became recumbent with a dosage (mean +/- SD) of 143 +/- 29 microg of MED and 2.7 +/- 0.6 mg of KET/cm of SH. Initially, giraffes were atactic and progressed to lateral recumbency. Three giraffes required casting with ropes for data collection, with dosages of 166 +/- 5 microg of MED and 3.2 +/- 0.6 mg of KET/cm of SH. Four giraffes required administration of etorphine (n = 2) or were cast with ropes (2) for capture but remained dangerous to personnel once recumbent, precluding data collection. In giraffes successfully immobilized, physiologic monitoring revealed hypoxia and increased respiratory rates. Values for PaCO2, end-tidal CO2, and heart rate remained within reference ranges. All giraffes were hypertensive and had a slight increase in rectal temperature. Atipamezole was administered at 340 +/- 20 microg/cm of SH, resulting in rapid and smooth recoveries. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Medetomidine and KET was an effective immobilizing combination for free-ranging giraffes; however, at the dosages used, it does not induce adequate analgesia for major manipulative procedures. Quality of induction and immobilization were enhanced if the giraffe was calm. Reversal was rapid and complete following injection of ATP.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed2000

Out-of-season breeding of captive white-tailed deer.

Although techniques to induce out-of-season breeding in deer with exogenous hormones are documented, a successful technique has not been developed for use with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The efficacy of using a combined treatment of melatonin, progesterone, and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin to advance seasonal estrus in captive white-tailed deer was tested. First estrus of 12 treated does (n = 16) occurred at least 57 days sooner than did those of 4 non-treated controls (mid-November). Previous estrus dates were known for 11 does, suggesting that their estrus was advanced by 37 to 119 days (X = 82 days). At first estrus, 12 does were bred to untreated bucks that had velvet-covered or recently polished antlers, resulting in a conception rate of 75%. Two does conceived when bred at second or third estrus. Two does failed to conceive when bred at first estrus and displayed no estrous cycling that year, but conceived out-of-season in subsequent years. These data document that this technique is useful for inducing successful, out-of-season breeding of captive white-tailed deer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that some bucks at our facility have adequate fertility and libido to impregnate does during midsummer.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Efficacy and safety of naltrexone hydrochloride for antagonizing carfentanil citrate immobilization in captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni).

We evaluated efficacy and safety of naltrexone for antagonizing carfentanil immobilization in 12 captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) using a randomized incomplete block experiment. In three replicate trials, elk were hand-injected with 10 micrograms carfentanil citrate/kg body weight intramuscularly. Fifteen min after each elk became recumbent, we administered naltrexone HCl (25% of dose intravenously, 75% subcutaneously) dosed at 0 (control), 25, 50, or 100 mg/mg carfentanil; after an additional 15 min of immobilization, controls received 500 mg naltrexone HCl/mg carfentanil. Elk were immobilized in 34 of 36 attempts; the mean (+/-SE) induction time was 3.1 +/- 0.2 min. Regardless of dose, all elk stood < 9 min after receiving naltrexone; controls remained immobilized until they received antagonist. Mean recovery times did not differ with increasing naltrexone dose (P = 0.31) or among individuals (P = 0.16). None of the elk receiving 100 or 500 mg naltrexone/mg carfentanil renarcotized, but three of eight and seven of nine elk receiving 50 and 25 mg naltrexone/mg carfentanil, respectively, showed signs of mild renarcotization 8 to 24 hr later (P = 0.0002). We observed no adverse clinical effects in elk receiving < or = 500 mg naltrexone/mg carfentanil. Based on these data, we recommend 100 mg/mg carfentanil as a minimum effective dose for rapidly antagonizing immobilization and preventing renarcotization.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1993

Pharmaceutical tools for wildlife medicine and management: 2000 and beyond.

Pharmaceuticals will play an increasing role in wildlife management in North American in the future. Pharmaceuticals for use in wildlife medicine and management must be made available to the wildlife veterinarian and wildlife manager to address the situations existing today. The challenges for pharmaceuticals to be used in wildlife are 1) development of new technology and molecules, 2) acceptable route of delivery, and 3) the challenge of the federal regulatory process. All three aspects must come together in an environment of informed cooperation between the needs of the wildlife veterinarian, the pharmaceutical industry and the appropriate regulatory agencies. It is the collective responsibility of all three to ensure these essential tools are available to meet the challenges for wildlife pharmaceuticals beyond 2000.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of R51163 on intake and metabolism in moose.

R51163, a newly synthesized purine alkyl piperidine that produces reliable sedation in cattle, was tested in five adult bull moose (Alces alces). Compared with controls, all animals dosed with 0.4 mg/kg BW ate significantly (P less than 0.05) less dry matter for at least 1 wk after treatment. Median estimates of resting metabolism, measured the day of injection, did not differ between treatment and control groups, although the coefficient of variation was almost two times larger for drugged (15%) versus control (8%) individuals. Dose response was allometric, with larger animals exhibiting longer effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Capture myopathy in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) following trapping, handling and transportation in Colorado.

Sixty wild turkeys were necropsied following trapping, transporting and handling during the winters of 1980-1981, 1981-1982, and 1982-1983 in order to determine the incidence of subclinical capture myopathy. Gross lesions characterized by small to large patchy, pale white streaked areas within skeletal muscle were found in 13 of 27 birds trapped with a drop net in the winter of 1982-1983. Microscopic lesions within myocardium characterized by irregular areas of coagulative necrosis, collapse of intercellular stroma and myocardial nuclear proliferation were found in two of 14 birds in 1980-1981, five of 19 birds in 1981-1982 and 11 of 27 birds in 1982-1983. Microscopic lesions within skeletal muscle characterized by rhabdomyolysis were found in 16 of 19 birds in 1981-1982 and 25 of 27 birds in 1982-1983. These findings suggest that wild turkeys are susceptible to capture myopathy and particular caution should be exercised in capturing and handling these birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Experimental contagious ecthyma in mule deer, white-tailed deer, pronghorn and wapiti.

Hand-reared mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer fawns (Odocoileus virginianus), pronghorn fawns (Antilocapra americana) and wapiti calves (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) were exposed to contagious ecthyma lesion material obtained from Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) to determine the susceptibility and pathogenesis in these species. All four species developed mucocutaneous proliferative lesions of the oral cavity, grossly and histologically compatible with contagious ecthyma. The limited clinical responses to the virus indicated that contagious ecthyma would not seriously impact free-ranging individuals.

Animals↗