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Biomedical subjects

W R Tipton

Publications and source records attributed to W R Tipton.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Comparison of PEFR and FEV1 in patients with varying degrees of airway obstruction. Effect of modest altitude.

Measurements of FEV1 and PEFR performed on a Jones Pulmonor Spirometer (JPF) were compared with PEFR obtained with a mini-Wright peak flow meter (WPF) in 102 patients. Data were converted to percent predicted. Standard deviations of triplicate measurements were: FEV1, 3.01 percent; JPF, 7.22 percent; and WPF, 5.12 percent. Correlation of best of three measurements was FEV1-JPF r = .758; FEV1-WPF r = .744; and JPF-WPF r = .846. The mean percent predicted of the best of three values of FEV1 was 74.8 percent, JPF 91.4 percent, and WPF 94 percent. These higher values for percent predicted PEFR were obtained throughout the range of FEV1 values. Studies on nine normal volunteers in an atmospheric chamber suggested that higher altitudes may account for higher PEFR values. We conclude that PEFR, measured by either waterless spirometer or mini-Wright peak flow meter, has greater intrasubject variability than FEV1, and it tends to underestimate the degree of pulmonary impairment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Immunotherapy for allergic diseases.

The efficacy of immunotherapy is related to the dose administered, and the immune response is specific for the allergen injected. The larger dose will provide the higher level of IgG blocking antibody and will provide the most symptomatic relief of symptoms. Increased frequency of injections seems to stimulate production of blocking antibody. Much work is currently under way to provide modified forms of immunotherapy designed to elicit the immune response without the allergic or adverse reactions of the allergen. Polymerized antigens, allergoids and glutaraldehyde-treated tyrosine-absorbed allergens are examples of such modifications. It is quite possible that within a short time extracts will be available commercially such that a patient will be adequately immunized with only a very few injections. Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy offers virtually complete protection for those patients who in the past were at great risk from stings. Proper history, skin testing, extract prescribing, and extract administration all are vital points in the successful immunotherapy of a patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Functional shelf life of methacholine and atropine methylnitrate solutions.

A functional assay was performed to determine the shelf life of methacholine at 25 mg/mL and atropine methylnitrate at 10 mg/mL stored up to 12 months after being placed in solution. When compared with freshly made solutions, there was essentially no loss in potency in the concentrations studied at the end of 6 months, but some loss was observed in those which had been in solution 12 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cromolyn sodium in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

A formulation of 2% cromolyn sodium (CS) ophthalmic solution without the preservative, 2-phenylethanol, was compared with placebo in 58 patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Selection was based on history and positive skin tests. Neither immunotherapy nor use of antihistamines was allowed. This study was double-blinded and stratified by RAST scores to assure comparable groups. Either CS or placebo was used six times daily. Patients were observed weekly for 5 weeks during the peak of the fall weed-pollen exposure. Nasal symptoms were treated as required with beclomethasone nasal spray, and uncontrolled ocular symptoms were treated with boric acid and ephedrine solution. Nasal and ocular symptoms were recorded. There was a significant suppression of eye symptoms in the group receiving CS ophthalmic solution (p less than 0.02) during weeks 2, 4, and 5. There was a trend for nasal symptoms and the requirement for nasal beclomethasone to be less in patients receiving CS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Experience with daily immunotherapy in 59 adult allergic patients.

Fifty-nine adult men with seasonal allergic rhinitis received immunotherapy that was administered five to six times per week until maintenance doses were achieved. Immunologic response was monitored with titrated prick skin tests, which revealed increased sensitivity at 2 wk. followed by progressive decline coinciding with a rise in IgG blocking antibody. Specific serum IgE (RAST) did not change. When compared with a group of receiving conventional weekly injections, these subjects required the same number of injections to reach maintenance and had the same incidence of adverse reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The effects of weekly versus monthly ragweed allergen injections on immunological parameters.

The practice of administering injections of allergen extract at weekly intervals until maintenance levels are achieved is well established. However, no objective data exist to determine the optimal frequency of immunotherapy during the first few years after reaching maintenance therapy. Nine patients who had reached maintenance immunotherapy within the preceding year participated in a double-blind, crossover study to compare the effects of weekly versus monthly injections of ragweed antigen. The results were assessed by measurements of skin, nasal and conjunctival sensitivity to ragweed and serum levels of IgG and IgE antibodies specific for ragweed--all obtained at monthly intervals. There was a significant increase (P less than .05) in serum ragweed IgG levels when the subjects were receiving weekly injections as compared to monthly injections. There was also a definite trend toward decreased skin and conjunctival sensitivity to ragweed while receiving weekly injections. These data lend immunologic support to the practice of administering weekly injections during the pollen season in the first few years of allergy immunotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Tissue threshold changes during the first months of immunotherapy.

The cutaneous, ocular and nasal sensitivity to ragweed extract was studied in seven patients during the early months of ragweed immunotherapy. Decreased skin sensitivity (p < 0.01) developed, as well as reduced conjunctival and nasal sensitivity. These changes correlated with the cumulative dose of extract administered and with levels of blocking antibody. However, there was no correlation between changes in tissue threshold and changes in ragweed specific IgE.

Antibodies↗