PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W Rüssmann

Publications and source records attributed to W Rüssmann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Asthenopia: frequency and objective findings.

Fifty young adults were interviewed about the asthenopic symptoms experienced in the preceding 6 months by means of a questionnaire; they then underwent ophthalmic investigation. We established the frequency of occurrence of single asthenopic symptoms and looked for their prevalence in subgroups determined by objective findings such as phorias, different accommodation widths, different fusional vergence widths, and others. The frequencies of single complaints were: headache 42/50 (84%), ocular pain 17/50 (34%), foreign body sensation 25/50 (50%), red eyes 22/50 (44%), photophobia 24/50 (48%), double vision 5/50 (10%), difficulties when changing fixation distance 21/50 (42%). We did not find any obvious preference for one of the symptoms in any of the subgroups mentioned above.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Endoscopically-controlled endonasal orbital decompression in malignant exophthalmos].

In 6 patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy, indications, surgical technique and results of the endoscopic controlled endonasal orbital decompression are described in comparison to the common surgical procedures. When medical and radiation therapy fail, indications for decompression are a) loss of visual acuity or visual field defects, b) increasing strabismus, c) severe keratopathy due to eyelid retraction. The endoscopic-controlled endonasal surgical decompression technique is proceeded in three steps. First, an endonasal ethmoidectomy with resection of the middle turbinate is performed and the medial wall of the maxillary sinus is widely opened. Second, the medial and inferior wall of the orbital walls are removed, preserving the infraorbital nerve. In the last step, the periorbital area is incised and the orbital fat herniates. The advantages of this procedure consist in the absence of exterior scars and the known morbidity of a Caldwell-Luc antrotomy. The results were documented by computed tomographic scans (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Hertel measurements, evaluation of ocular motility and ophthalmoscopy. An average of 3-4 mm improvement in Hertel-measurements could be reached. All patients had a postoperative improvement of visual acuity. 2 patients developed more significant diplopia postoperatively, whereas in all other patients ocular motility either improved or rested unaffected. Therefore, the endoscopic controlled endonasal procedure allows to obtain comparable results to the common extranasal and transantral procedures without the disadvantages of the latter.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical treatment of squint today. A status determination].

The treatment of choice for eso- and exodeviations with variable angle and/or convergence excess or eye muscle palsy with diplopia in the gaze field of the paretic muscle is--at least in Central Europe--posterior fixation sutures (Cüpper's suture operation). The scleral sutures are critical in this procedure. More reliable results can be obtained if the sclera is scarified meridionally at the suture site. Sufficient experience with guarantee stable results, even though the procedure is difficult. Tucking of the rectus muscles is gaining increasing acceptance as a less traumatic alternative to resection since with this procedure the vasculature of the insertion is conserved to some extent. Significant sursumduction or deorsumduction of 15 degrees or more and corresponding trochlear palsies can be treated by combined recess-tuck procedures on the oblique muscles (e.g., tucking of the superior oblique and recession of the inferior oblique in the same eye). A combined procedure is more effective than successive operations and side effects are minimized (e.g., consecutive Brown's syndrome). Differing amounts of vertical and torsional deviation can be treated with differential surgery on the margin of the oblique muscles. Dissociated vertical deviation should not be taken for sursumduction caused by inferior oblique overaction (reversed fixation test), as straightforward weakening of the inferior oblique muscles may have serious consequences in the former condition. Surgical treatment of Duane's syndrome should be based on the amant of head posture and on the angle of deviation and retraction in the primary position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Refractive errors, strabismus and amblyopia in pre-school screening--experiences using a vision test in kindergarten].

UNLABELLED: Within the framework of mass screenings conducted by the Public Health service section for juveniles, 254 children were examined jointly on a voluntary basis in 5 different kindergartens. The examined children represented in each case 88% of the respective kindergarten groups. The examination programme included, among others, the R5 apparatus (visual acuity in respect of remote objects with and without + 1.5 D), Lang- and DeKa Stereo Test, Cover-and-Uncover Test with remote and near fixation, heterostatic retinoscopy (in 205 children only), ophthalmoscopic fixation test. In addition, the acceptance for U8 and the degree of care in respect of ophthalmological control and treatment were investigated. RESULTS: Strabismus or significant uncorrected errors of refraction were discovered by the on-target tests of covering and uncovering, fixation and retinoscopy in 26 of 205 completely examined children (12.7%). This had not been satisfactorily covered by single tests such as R5-Visus test with the criteria much less than 1.0 (grade 5) or much less than 0.7 (grade 4), respectively stereo tests. The combination of "R5-Test Visus much less than 1.0" and "DeKa Stereo Test not fully identified" attained a sensitivity of 81% with a positive predictive value of only 28%. This combination, therefore, results in too many healthy children being referred to the ophthalmologist. "R5-Test Visus much less than 0.7" and "DeKa Stereo Test not fully identified" attained a sensitivity of 75% with a positive predictive value of 44%. This combination is recommended as long as the R5 or R11 apparatuses are used. The phoria and stereo tests contained in the R5 apparatus are unsuitable for kindergarten screening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1986

[Attention shifting and dissociated vertical squint].

Some patients with dissociated vertical deviation show an increasing upward drift of their squinting eye when reading small numbers at a distance of 5 m, making a special effort to shift attention to the non-squinting eye. This finding is at variance with the view that the manifestation of dissociated vertical deviation may be induced by visual inattention. The phenomenon could be explained by analogy to the occlusion test, by a binocular imbalance in visual information processing. The phenomenon may be found frequently in patients who require surgery for an especially disfiguring intermittent vertical squint. Looking for the phenomenon may be useful when deciding whether to operate for a dissociated vertical deviation: If increasing vertical deviation is observed during binocular acuity testing, surgical treatment should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Results of surgical treatment in intermittent divergent squint with deliberate overcorrection (author's transl)].

A review is given of 28 cases (39 surgical procedures) with intermittent exotropia. Prior to surgery a prismatic correction was prescribed and gradually increased to stabilize the objective angle. The amount of surgery was calculated to give a slight overcorrection (approximately 5 degrees). Follow up over a 6 months period revealed better results if overcorrection was achieved. Consecutive esotropia occured if the surgery did not make proper allowances for distance/near ratios of the objective angle. Secondary surgery was delayed up to 6 months. Spectacle occlusion followed by base-out prisms were prescribed in any case of overcorrection until bifoveal fixation could be maintained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Aqueous dynamics and ciliary epithelium enzyme systems (author's transl)].

Aqueous humour is produced by ultrafiltration (30%) and active ion transport (70%) predominantly achieved by nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells. They need chemical energy supplied by intracellular metabolisms. Suspensions of isolated ciliary epithelial cells and ciliary cell layers prepared from single rabbit eyes have been assayed for activities of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NAD- and NADP-depending isocitrate dehydrogenase. Levels of enzyme activity were found to be higher in the nonpigmented cell type. Enzyme activity of cell layers exceeded those of isolated cells for technical reasons. By comparing ciliary epithelial enzyme patterns to those of different tissues it may be deduced that ciliary epithelium draws its energy chiefly from pentosephosphate and citric cycle. High levels of lactate dehydrogenase activity suggest special functions of this in enzyme in aqueous formation.

Aqueous Humor↗