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Biomedical subjects

W Riggs

Publications and source records attributed to W Riggs.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Fetal behavioural state changes following maternal fluoxetine infusion in sheep.

Clinical depression is diagnosed in 5-15% of women during pregnancy, increasing the risk of negative outcomes. Fluoxetine (FX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is prescribed during pregnancy. In adults, FX alters sleep patterns with single doses decreasing total sleep time and rapid eye movement sleep. The effects of FX on sleep in the fetus are unknown. However, 5-hydroxytryptophan, the precursor of serotonin, has been reported to prolong high-voltage (HV) electrocortical (ECoG) activity and increase the incidence of fetal breathing movements (FBM) in the sheep fetus. We hypothesize that FX exposure will decrease the incidence of LV ECoG in the fetus. Twenty-one pregnant sheep were surgically prepared for chronic study of blood gases, ECoG activity, eye movements and FBM. After 3 days of recovery, ewes received a 70-mg bolus i.v. infusion of FX or sterile water followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.036 mg/min for 8 days. The incidence of low-voltage (LV) ECoG decreased from 54+/-4% on the preinfusion day to 45+/-5% on infusion day 1 in the FX group and remained decreased throughout the infusion period. In addition, the incidence of both eye movements and FBM was decreased on infusion day 1 compared to preinfusion day in the FX group. HV ECoG increased from 39+/-3% on preinfusion day to 68+/-14% on FX infusion day 1 and remained elevated throughout the infusion period. These data show that maternal FX administration alters fetal behavioural state.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children.

In this retrospective study, we reviewed the demographic and radiographic findings of 155 children with bronchoscopy-proven tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (FBA). Two thirds of the patients were male, and most were children between 1 and 2 years of age. An aspirated peanut accounted for one third of all cases. Foreign body location was distributed nearly evenly to the right and left primary bronchi; tracheal foreign body was noted in 16 patients. The most frequent symptoms of FBA were cough (85 patients) and wheezing (60 patients). Although most patients were seen within 1 day of aspiration, 30 patients had symptoms that lasted at least 1 week before diagnosis. The most common radiographic findings were unilateral or segmental hyperlucency (59) or atelectasis (38). The trachea was the site of the foreign body in one half of children with a normal chest radiograph and FBA.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Rifampin and ansamycin interactions with cyclosporine after renal transplantation.

Cyclosporine whole blood concentrations are routinely monitored to help ensure optimal therapy. Several drugs have been shown to alter cyclosporine disposition by altering hepatic metabolism. Rifampin, a potent enzyme inducer, has been demonstrated to increase cyclosporine clearance. The effects of ansamycin, a chemically related investigational antibiotic, on cyclosporine disposition, have not been previously published. We report a renal transplant patient receiving cyclosporine and consecutive therapy with rifampin and ansamycin. When compared to rifampin, ansamycin's effect on cyclosporine disposition appeared to be delayed and of less magnitude. Further characterization of this interaction is required. Until this issue is resolved, we would advise careful monitoring of cyclosporine blood levels in patients receiving either rifampin or ansamycin in concert with cyclosporine.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Pneumomediastinum caused by foreign body aspiration in children.

In a retrospective review of 155 children with tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (FBA), there were ten patients who had pneumomediastinum (PM) on an initial chest radiograph. Nine of ten presented with PM and one patient had PM noted after bronchoscopy. In a child less than two years of age with no history of trauma, the radiographic finding of PM should prompt further investigation for FBA.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic imaging in children with urinary tract infection: review of current concepts and suggested guidelines.

Symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) in childhood is estimated to occur with a frequency of up to 3% through adolescence. The practitioner caring for children requires both anatomic and physiologic information concerning the urinary tract to assist in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Advances in diagnostic imaging have resulted in numerous methods for evaluation of the urinary system. These procedures differ in the type of information obtained, risk or discomfort to the patient, and cost. Selection of the proper test(s) requires an understanding of these factors. Based on our survey of recent pertinent literature and our clinical experience, we present guidelines for appropriate diagnostic imaging in children with UTI, and we discuss the benefits and limitations of available imaging techniques along with concepts regarding the pathogenesis of UTI and causes of renal damage from UTI.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Advantages of coronal ultrasonography in evaluating the neonatal retroperitoneum.

Good demonstration of retroperitoneal structures in the neonate can be obtained with real-time coronal ultrasonography. Advantages of coronal scanning include limited manipulation of the infant, less hindrance from monitoring devices or tubes when positioning the scanning probe, and improved visualization of retroperitoneal structures due to less interference by bowel gas. Retroperitoneal structures are displayed in conventional frontal anatomic relationships, which may facilitate recognition of renal ectopia and evaluation of abdominal masses. The authors' experience in evaluation of the neonatal retroperitoneum with coronal ultrasonography is presented.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Lingular collapse with medial pneumothorax: puzzling image in children.

In addition to paramediastinal lucency, medial pneumothorax on the left may be associated with a confusing localized density about the lateral aspect of the hemithorax. This is primarily caused by superolateral displacement and compression of the lingula. There may be coexistent pulmonary parenchymal abnormality such as hyaline membrane disease or pulmonary contusion that contributes to the density which may simulate pleural fluid or soft tissue mass. In varying degrees this is a common manifestation of medial pneumothorax in children. Of the 20 cases reported herein, nine occurred in newborns with underlying lung disease, six of which were on ventilatory assistance. The second largest group consisted of six postoperative cardiac patients. Other associated causes were blunt chest trauma (two cases), asthma (two) and intrabronchial foreign body (one).

Asthma↗
PubMed1977

Cervical neurogenic tumors presenting as thoracic apical masses in infants and children.

Seven cases of cervical neurogenic tumor presented in an almost identical manner roentgenographically; a polypoid extrapleural mass at the lung apex. The association of neuroblastoma with Horner syndrome and heterochromia of the irides is mentioned. Characteristic roentgen appearance should be appreciated due to good prognosis of cervical neuroblastoma with prompt therapy.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Errors in radiographic measurements caused by variations in the table top/Bucky tray distance.

The distance between the table top and the Bucky tray varies between radiographic rooms in most x-ray departments. A potential difference of 8% or more in the degree of magnification of radiographic images was found in five Memphis hospitals. Articles on measurement of kidneys, intracranial volume, sella turcica, etc, should specify the distance used to establish the charts.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Differences between right and left lateral chest radiographs.

Differences between 150 normal right lateral chest teleroentgenographs and 150 left laterals (infants, children, and adults) were evaluated and determined to be greater than has been generally appreciated. On the left lateral view the left leaf is distinguished from the right leaf by the following generalizations: anteriorly the left leaf is lower; posteriorly it is higher as is its costrophrenic sulcus; it intersects the relatively flattened right leaf near the posterior heart border; the stomach bubble and/or colon are immediately subjacent; there is no segmental obliteration by the inferior vena cava as there often is with the right leaf; in adults the outline of the left leaf is often sharper. When both major fissures can be identified, the left almost always intersects its diaphragmatic leaf posterior to and more vertically than the right fissure.

Adult↗