Biomedical subjects

W Roszkowski

Publications and source records attributed to W Roszkowski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Influence of 12 antibiotics on antitumor immunity in BALB/c-mice.

The effects of 7 days' chemotherapy with penicillin G, piperacillin, mezlocillin, cephalothin, cefamandole, cefotaxime, gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin, rifampicin, doxycycline, and clindamycin on local tumor growth and metastatic lung colonization were studied in an experimental tumor model (BALB/c-mouse-sarcoma L-1). The antibiotic dosages administered to mice were calculated on a body weight basis from doses recommended for human therapy. Except for mezlocillin, piperacillin, rifampicin and doxycycline, antibiotic treatment did not significantly influence local tumor growth, lung colonization and immune functions. Whereas mezlocillin exerted positive (tumor suppressive) or negative (tumor promoting) effects depending on the chemotherapy schedule, tumor growth and spread were significantly increased independent of the timing scheme after rifampicin or doxycycline treatment. Since certain immune functions (delayed type hypersensitivity; proliferation of spleen lymphocytes) were significantly suppressed after administration of mezlocillin, rifampicin and doxycycline, a correlation between antimicrobial chemotherapy and tumor progression may be possible.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Assessment of the value of stimulation from a preparation of Tołpa peat for treatment of trauma related osteomyelitis].

Tołpa peat preparation at the dose of 5 mg per day was administered to 10 patients with chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis for 6 weeks period of time. Good clinical result (ceasing of the inflammatory process) was found in 4 patients but 3 of them were concurrently treated surgically. Immunological examination (angiogenesis test and chemiluminescence test) performed before the onset and after completion of the treatment with Tołpa preparation did not reveal meaningful changes indicating immunomodulating action of the preparation on the course of posttraumatic osteomyelitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid exerts growth factor-like activity towards human and murine cells.

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was extracted from Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain S1 and tested for the capacity to induce hematopoietic and lymphatic cell proliferation. As compared to nontreated cells, the number of human bone marrow cells significantly increased in the presence of low LTA concentrations. Optimal growth was observed on the fifth day of in vitro incubation. After exposure to LTA, the lymphocyte proliferation rate also increased in a dose and time dependent manner. On the other hand, human epithelial cells and fibroblasts did not show enhanced growth activities in the presence of LTA.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Cellular analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. I. Detection of macrophage populations].

The aim of the study was to compare the results of routine counts of percentage of BAL macrophages, using morphological differential staining method--Pappenheim stain (M) and staining for nonspecific esterase activity (E) with those obtained by APAAP technique, using specific for monocytes (macrophages monoclonal antibodies (Ki-M1) and the complex APAAP (alkaline phosphatase--mouse anti alkaline phosphatase complex). The mean counts were comparable, although different criteria of estimation were used. Significant differences were seen in smokers when the criteria were based on morphology and expression of surface antigens. The results indicate that correct estimation of macrophage counts and their characteristics (enzymatic activity, expression of surface antigens) can only be made using many methods based on various criteria of estimation.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Harmful elements versus iron, zinc and copper: their interactions in animals and humans. I. Mercury, tin, nickel, selenium, fluorine and aluminum].

A literature survey was made of the interactions--in the organism--between some food contaminating elements (mercury, tin, nickel, selenium, fluorine, aluminium) and iron, zinc and copper. The harmful elements may disturb the mineral metabolism already at the stage of intestinal absorption. Moreover, they bring about changes in microelement distribution in the tissues and cells. On account of their approximately similar chemical structure, they compete for the sites of binding to some proteins, including enzymic ones. In this respect a special role is played by ++metallothionein, a protein with the ability of regulating free metal contents in the tissues and thus possibly displaying some detoxifying properties. Many mechanisms and relationships determining the interactions between the surveyed food contaminants and iron, zinc and copper remain, however, not elucidated.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1991

The effect of vitamin E on granulocyte function in patients with recurrent infections.

The influence of vit. E treatment on metabolic and bactericidal granulocyte activity in patients with recurrent infections was studied by chemiluminescence and phagocytosis assays. Vit. E serum level was significantly diminished before therapy. Six weeks supplementation with 200-300 mg/day of vit. E resulted in improvement of clinical status and normalisation of alpha-tocopherol serum level. Bactericidal activity of granulocytes was lower in patients than in the respective controls and it slightly rose after vit. E therapy. Before, therapy, patients granulocytes showed metabolic activity above or within the control range. Vit. E treatment increased, had no effect or decreased granulocyte metabolic activity, but never below the control range.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Intake of vitamins and minerals. Euronut SENECA investigators.

In 18 towns of 12 European countries, 1217 men and 1241 women born between 1913 and 1918 participated in a dietary survey (modified dietary history). Each country used its own nutrient data bank for the conversion of food intake data into vitamin and mineral intakes. Information on the use of nutrient supplements was collected through a questionnaire answered by the participants. Enormous variability in nutrient dietary intake was observed between and even within the different sites. The dietary intake of vitamin A was higher in northern towns and, conversely, the intake of beta-carotene and vitamin C was lower. A considerable percentage of the elderly in some towns had intakes of some nutrients below the lowest European recommended daily intakes (RDIs) and so might be at risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Women in almost all towns had diets of higher nutrient density than men, except for iron. There was great variability in supplementation practices between different towns, even within a country. In northern towns, supplements were used much more frequently than in the other sites, but their use was not nutrition-oriented. Sometimes vitamin supplements were taken in large quantities, with risk of toxicity. Differences between the sexes in supplementation practices were not consistent.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

Adequate function of the immune system and physiological microflora are closely correlated.

It is already known that physiological microflora of the digestive system plays an important role in local immunity. Studies on immunomodulating activity of some autoantibodies have shown that drugs affecting intestinal microflora possess potent immunosuppressive effect on systemic immunity. These observations inspired to recent investigation on the mechanisms of the influence of digestive tract bacteria on the immune system.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Digestive tract microflora liberates low molecular weight peptides with immunotriggering activity.

Antibiotic digestive tract decontamination in BALB/c-mice resulted in a significant reduction of peritoneal macrophage function and lymphocyte proliferation. Considerable evidence has accumulated showing that certain species of the indigenous gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microflora, e.g. Bacteroides sp., Clostridium sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Propionibacterium sp., liberate low molecular weight peptides which are able to trigger basic immune responses. Eradication of the GI-tract microflora apparently results in a lack of peptide production correlating to immunosuppression in experimental BALB/c-mice. Substitution of peptides in GI-tract decontaminated mice reconstituted macrophage function as well as proliferation of lymphatic tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Bacteria of human physiological microflora liberate immunomodulating peptides.

Human isolates of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus saprophyticus could be shown to liberate low molecular weight peptides (MW less than 6.500 D) with immunomodulating activity. FACS analyses of BALB/c-mouse lymphoid cells from the thymus and spleen revealed an enhanced percentage of T-helper cells after peptide administration. Intestinal microflora decontamination of BALB/c-mice considerably reduced immune cell function and lymphatic tissue proliferation. Apparently, lack of peptide production or liberation correlated to immunosuppression. Substitution of peptides (from P. acnes or S. saprophyticus) to decontaminated mice reconstituted immune cell function and proliferation. Cortisone-resistant thymocytes were used as an experimental equivalent of functional cells in the thymus. Thus, cortisone treatment of BALB/c-mice significantly reduced the number of thymocytes, however, administration of microbial peptides restored the thymus population.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1990

Effects of beta-lactam antibiotics imipenem/cilastatin and cefodizime on cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c-mice.

The effects of a 7-day chemotherapy with two broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics (imipenem/cilastatin and cefodizime) on the humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c-mice were investigated. Antibiotic dosages were calculated on a body weight basis from therapeutical dosages in human medicine. Treatment of experimental mice with imipenem/cilastatin and cefodizime did not influence the production of immunoglobulines (IgM and IgG) nor the delayed type hypersensitivity to oxazolone. In vitro, exposure of human granulocytes to imipenem/cilastatin and cefodizime did not interfere with their phagocytic activity as determined by chemiluminescence assay. Subinhibitory concentrations of both antibiotics modified Staphylococcus aureus and made them more susceptible for granulocyte phagocytosis in chemiluminescence assays.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Tetracycline and 13-cis-retinoic acid inhibit production and activity of granulocyte activating factor (GAF) from Propionibacterium acnes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate different treatment schedules on release or activity of a granulocyte activating factor (GAF) from Propionibacterium acnes. Incubation of P. acnes in physiological saline (30 min, 37 degrees C) resulted in release of a soluble factor that elicited considerable chemiluminescence response and chemotactic stimulus on human granulocytes. Pretreatment of the microorganisms with subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline or incubation of granulocytes with 13-cis-retinoic acid significantly reduced the activating potency of GAF on these phagocytic cells. Since GAF was considered to be one of the stimuli for inflammation in acne vulgaris, administration of tetracycline and 13-cis-retinoic acid appears to be an adequate therapy.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗

PubMed1990

Immunomodulation by propionibacteria.

The ability of bacteria and bacterial products to modulate the immune response to unrelated antigens is well documented. Propionibacteria are amongst the most potent immunomodulators stimulating cell populations involved in nonspecific resistance. Generally, the activated immune system provides protection from infectious pathogens and malignancies via mechanisms of recognition and elimination. Accordingly, administration of propionibacteria could be shown to be of benefit in the treatment of neoplastic and infectious diseases. Thus, it can be recommended for further clinical investigations.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1990

Lectins: mediators of adhesion for bacteria in infectious diseases and for tumor cells in metastasis.

Adhesion of bacteria and adhesion of tumor cells have much in common, especially the participation of lectins in this process. In the future it might be possible to inhibit the metastatic process into the liver (e.g. during surgical operations of malignant tumors) and bacterial adherence to mucosal linings or plastic devices by blocking of adhesion molecules (lectins) with appropriate glycoconjugates. Initial clinical trials are very promising.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Biological properties of staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid and related macromolecules.

Lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) and related macromolecules (e.g. cell surface substance, CSS; cell surface antigen, CSA; cell surface complex, CSC) are a group of phosphate-containing polymers associated with the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria (32). They may be considered as surface-reactive antigens (immunogens, biological response modyfiers) as well as membrane components which mediate the attachment of certain bacteria (S. saprophyticus, S. aureus, group A streptococci) to host cell tissues.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of cellulose on iron, zinc and copper metabolism in growing rats].

The purpose of the study was determination of the effect of cellulose on the apparent absorption and tissue concentrations of iron, zinc and copper in growing rats. Male Wistar rats with initial body weight 108 +/- 2 g were fed during 6 weeks isocaloric diets containing 1%, 5% or 10% of dietary fibre. The diets contained about 18% protein (casein and wheat gluten 1:1) and iron 28 mg, zinc 17 mg and copper 4.5 mg per kg of diet. In the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks of the experiment feaces were collected during 2 days. Mineral components of the diets, cases liver, spleen, kidneys and femur were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. No significant differences were noted in diet intake or in body weight gain between these groups. Increased cellulose content in diet, that is 5% or 10%, reduced significantly the absolute and per cent apparent absorption of copper and its concentration in liver, which indirectly led to disturbances of iron metabolism. As a result, the concentration of haemoglobin was reduced and the hepatic iron reserve was raised. No adverse effect of cellulose was found on the apparent absorption of iron and zinc and on zinc concentration in the studied tissues. The per cent coefficients of apparent absorption of iron decreased during the experiment, while those of zinc and copper increased.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

Blocking of lectin-like adhesion molecules on pulmonary cells inhibits lung sarcoma L-1 colonization in BALB/c-mice.

Adhesion and inhibition experiments with pulmonary cells of BALB/c-mouse origin and syngeneic sarcoma L-1 cells indicated that L-fucose specific lectin-like adhesion molecules, presumably situated on pulmonary cell surfaces are (at least partly) responsible for the specificity of this cell-cell interaction. Addition of specific sugars and glycoconjugates (L-fucose and fucoidan, respectively) to the incubation medium evidently inhibited the adhesion process as quantified using radiolabelled tumor cells. Unspecific carbohydrates (e.g. D-galactose) did not affect the cellular interaction. In vivo, repeated administration of fucoidan (but not of unspecific glycoconjugates) significantly inhibited the settling of metastatic sarcoma L-1 cells in the lungs of BALB/c-mice. Therefore, when lectin-like adhesion molecules on pulmonary cells were blocked with competitive glycoconjugates, tumor cell colonization of the lung could be significantly inhibited.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Bacteriophage conversion as a factor modifying the intensity of phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by human leukocytes].

Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 and its eight variants lysogenized with phages responsible for the synthesis of staphylococcal staphylokinase were used for the study. Influence of phage conversion of S. aureus on its interaction with human leucocytes and influence of prophage on strain susceptibility to intracellular killing by human granulocytes without opsonins were evaluated. It was found that lysogenization of the strain with the bacteriophages decreased in each case reactivity of human leucocytes for staphylococcal strain what was expressed by lower bioluminescence values and by lower percentage of intracellular killing of bacterial cells carrying prophage.

Culture Media↗