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Biomedical subjects

W Rutherford

Publications and source records attributed to W Rutherford.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Development of a novel allo-independent HIV-1 virus preparation for use in immunoassays.

The study of the immunologic response to whole human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antigen is limited by the presence of highly immunogenic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloantigens on the envelope of wild type virus. This paper outlines the production of HIV-1 infectious virions free of HLA for use as whole viral antigens in immunoassays. An infectious molecular clone of HIV-1 was transfected into the K-562 cell line, which does not express HLA on the cell surface. After a 30-day selection period, to ensure stable transfection, cells and culture supernatants were analyzed for productive HIV-1 infection and virion infectivity. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the presence of p24 in the culture supernatants. Molecular confirmation of HIV-1 transfection was achieved by gene amplification. Flow cytometric analysis was used to identify gp120 on the surface of the infected cells. Viral supernatants were tested for HIV infectivity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The usefulness of this viral preparation as whole virus antigens was validated using PBMCs from HIV-infected individuals. These results indicate the successful production of HIV-1 infectious virions, which do not have HLA molecules on their viral envelope, and demonstrate their utility for immunoassays.

Cell Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1993

Fenoldopam mesylate versus sodium nitroprusside in the acute management of severe systemic hypertension.

Thirty-three patients with severe systemic hypertension defined as a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > or = 120 mm Hg were randomized in a single-blind fashion to be treated with either intravenous fenoldopam mesylate (FNP) or sodium nitroprusside (NTP). Fenoldopam mesylate and NTP infusion rates began at 0.1 microgram/kg/minute and 0.5 microgram/kg/minute, respectively and were titrated to achieve a goal DBP of between 95 and 110 mm Hg; or a reduction of at least 40 mm Hg if the baseline DBP was > 150 mm Hg. Fenoldopam mesylate (n = 15) reduced blood pressure from 217/145 +/- 6/5 to 187/112 +/- 6/3 mm Hg (P < .001) at an average infusion rate of 0.5 +/- 0.1 microgram/kg/minute. The average time to achieve goal DBP with FNP was 1.5 +/- 1.4 hours. Nitroprusside (n = 18) reduced blood pressure from 210/136 +/- 5/2 to 172/103 +/- 6/2 mm Hg (P < .001) at an average infusion rate of 1.2 +/- .24 micrograms/kg/minute. Nitroprusside response time averaged 2 +/- 2.5 hours. There was no significant difference between the magnitude of effect seen with either FNP or NTP; nor was there any difference observed in the adverse effect rates of the two agents. Fenoldopam mesylate and NTP demonstrate similar overall efficacy in the treatment of severe systemic hypertension.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
PubMed1993

The postconcussional syndrome: social antecedents and psychological sequelae.

The study consisted of a prospective investigation of 45 consecutively admitted patients who had sustained a mild head injury. In all cases the duration of post-traumatic amnesia was less than 24 hours. Head injury patients had an average of three adverse life events in the year preceding injury compared with 1.5 for controls. Using the PSE, 39% of the group were diagnosed psychiatric cases at six weeks after the injury. For cases the mean level of chronic social difficulties (3.3) was four times that for non-cases (0.8). Six months after injury, 28% of the head injury group had three or more symptoms. These chronic cases were on average ten years older than those whose symptoms had remitted. Chronic cases had, on average, three social difficulties, twice as many as found among those whose symptoms had remitted. The emergence and persistence of the postconcussional syndrome are associated with social adversity before the accident. While young men are most at risk of minor head injury, older women are most at risk of chronic sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of hyperventilation on conjunctival oxygen tension in humans.

A polarographic conjunctival oxygen sensor was used to measure oxygen tension in a tissue bed supplied by the internal carotid artery. The shared vascular source of the conjunctiva and brain suggests that conjunctival PO2 monitoring may provide an index of cerebral perfusion. We studied the effects of hyperventilation, a known stimulus of cerebral vasoconstriction, on conjunctival oxygen tension (PcjO2) in six normal, healthy adults; arterial blood gases were simultaneously measured in four of these subjects. A 5-min period of hyperventilation to a PaCO2 near 20 torr resulted in a rapid and significant (p less than .01) increase in systemic oxygen tension as measured by arterial blood gases and a transcutaneous oxygen monitor. These values gradually returned to baseline upon cessation of hyperventilation. PcjO2, however, decreased significantly (p less than .01) during hyperventilation, suggesting vasoconstriction of the conjunctival vascular supply. Because these changes temporally correlate with the cerebral vasoconstriction during hyperventilation, the conjunctival index of tissue oxygen tension may correlate with cerebral perfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Measurement of reaction time following minor head injury.

A four-choice reaction time test was carried out on 45 minor head injury cases, 24 hours after the injury and 6 weeks later. Twenty-eight subjects were re-tested after a six month interval. Reaction time measures were also obtained in a matched, general practice control group. The concussion cases displayed significantly poorer performances than the matched controls in four measures, at day 0 and at 6 weeks. The patients also showed serial improvement in these measures up to six months after the injury, when their scores excelled those of the matched controls.

Adolescent↗