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Biomedical subjects

W S Bond

Publications and source records attributed to W S Bond.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Ethnicity and psychotropic drugs.

The literature concerning the effect of race and ethnicity on the pharmacokinetics of psychotropic drugs is reviewed, and recommendations concerning the use of these agents are presented. While no differences in the pharmacokinetics of dosage requirements of antipsychotic drugs have been demonstrated among black, Hispanic, and white persons, Asians seem to have a lower threshold for both the therapeutic and adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs than do Caucasians. Use of lower than usual initial dosages of antipsychotic drugs in Asian patients appears to be prudent. Although ethnicity may have an effect on antidepressant drug pharmacology and dosage requirements, the available data are not sufficiently convincing to make any dosage recommendations. Claims that Asians require lower dosages of lithium than do other ethnic groups are not supported by the available evidence. Higher plasma benzodiazepine concentrations and lower drug clearance observed in Asians compared with Caucasians are consistent with clinical observations of lower dosage requirements for Asian patients; smaller than usual dosages of these agents are recommended for Asian patients. Interracial pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences for psychotropic drugs can affect clinical outcomes. Further study of this issue is warranted.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1991

Detection methods and strategies for improving medication compliance.

The reliability of compliance detection methods and practical strategies for improving patient compliance with drug therapy are reviewed. Detection of noncompliance is a necessary prerequisite for adequate treatment. Noncompliance can be detected by indirect methods (e.g., self-report, interview, therapeutic outcome, pill count, computerized compliance monitors) or direct methods (e.g., biologic markers, tracer compounds, biologic assay of body fluids). In general, the direct methods of detection have a higher sensitivity and specificity than the indirect methods. Computerized compliance monitors are the most recent and reliable of the indirect-detection methods. Strategies for improving compliance involve identification of risk factors for non-compliance; development, with the patient's participation, of an individualized treatment plan that simplifies the regimen as much as possible; education of the patient, including information about his or her illness, instructions on how to take the prescribed medication correctly, and an explanation of the benefits and possible adverse effects of the therapy; and, if necessary, use of compliance aids such as medication calendars, special containers, caps, and dispensing systems, or compliance packaging. The patient should be taught to monitor his or her own treatment regimen. Follow-up monitoring by health-care professionals, including pharmacists, will also help ensure that the patient is complying with the treatment regimen. Health-care practitioners need to understand factors that contribute to noncompliance and to use effective methods for assessing and monitoring compliance in conjunction with strategies aimed at increasing compliant behavior.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1978

Clinical relevance of the effect of hepatic disease on drug disposition.

The effect of hepatic disease on the metabolism of drugs is reviewed. Drugs discussed include those acting on the central nervous system (phenobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam, clorazepate, chlorpromazine, morphine, meperidine, phenytoin); those acting on the cardiopulmonary system (digoxin, digitoxin, lidocaine, theophylline); antineoplastic agents (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, doxorubicin), antimicrobials (carbenicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, lincomycin, rifampin, isoniazid, aminosalicylic acid) and antiinflammatory agents (phenylbutazone, prednisone). The effect of hepatic dysfunction on drug disposition is not consistent or predictable. The efficiency with which drugs are metabolized by the liver, the extent of drug plasma binding, and the etiology and stage of the hepatic disorder are each important in determining whether drug disposition will be altered.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1977

Toxic reactions and side effects of glucocorticoids in man.

The toxic reactions and side effects of glucocorticoids in humans are discussed. The effects reviewed include metabolic (muscle and skin, carbohydrates and lipids), cardiovascular, cellular, immunologic, skeletal and growth, gastrointestinal, nervous system, ocular, and hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal.

Adrenal Glands↗